N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kusankha Zisindikizo za Metal Bellows Kuti Musatulutse Mpweya Woipa?

Chiyambi

Pamene malire otulutsa mpweya akuchulukirachulukira pa kukonza mankhwala, kuyeretsa, ndi kupanga magetsi, ukadaulo wotsekera wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito opanda mpweya woipa. Zisindikizo zachitsulo zikutchuka chifukwa zimachotsa malo omwe amapezeka m'mapangidwe achizolowezi otsekera, makamaka omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma elastomer amphamvu ndi kayendedwe ka shaft. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe kapangidwe kake kamathandizira kutulutsa mpweya wochepa, kudalirika kwambiri, komanso kutseka bwino kwa nthawi yayitali muutumiki wofunikira. Ikufotokozanso momwe magwiridwe antchito ndi kupsinjika kotsatira malamulo zomwe zimapangitsa zisindikizo zachitsulo kukhala chisankho chothandiza pamene nthawi yosungira, chitetezo, ndi kukonza zonse zili zofunika.

Chifukwa Chake Zisindikizo za Metal Bellows Zikukhala Chisankho Chokondedwa

Kusintha kwa malo opangira mafakitale opanda mpweya woipa kwasintha kwambiri magawo a zida zozungulira. Pamene malamulo akukulirakulira pa mpweya woipa wothawa, ogwira ntchito akusiya kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zotsekera zomwe zimadalira ma elastomer amphamvu. Zisindikizo zachitsulo zatuluka ngati njira yeniyeni yothetsera vuto la madzi, kuchotsa zofooka zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha ma O-rings otsetsereka.

Pakukonza mankhwala, kuyeretsa, ndi kupanga magetsi,Chisindikizo chamakina chimagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chachikuluPolimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mlengalenga. Pogwiritsa ntchito pakati pa chitsulo cholumikizidwa m'mphepete kuti chipereke kukweza nkhope ndi kutseka kwachiwiri, mawonekedwe a bellows achitsulo mwachibadwa amadutsa hysteresis ndi shaft fretting zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawononga ma pusher seals pakapita nthawi.

Momwe malire a mpweya woipa ndi zolinga zodalirika zikusinthira kufunikira

Mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi akuchepetsa malire ovomerezeka a kutulutsa kwa volatile organic compound (VOC). M'mbuyomu, kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa magawo 10,000 pa miliyoni (ppm) kunaloledwa m'mafakitale akale. Malamulo amakono, oyendetsedwa ndi njira monga EPA Method 21 ndi miyezo ya European TA-Luft, tsopano nthawi zambiri amaletsa kutulutsa kwa VOC kovomerezeka pa 500 ppm, ndi ntchito zoopsa zomwe zimafuna kuletsa mwamphamvu pansi pa 100 ppm.

Kuti akwaniritse zolinga zolimbazi zopanda kutulutsa mpweya, mainjiniya odalirika amafunika njira zotsekera zomwe zimasunga umphumphu wonse kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa kulephera (MTBF). Chifukwa chakuti zisindikizo zachitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo sizili ndi elastomer yoyenda, sizivutika ndi kupsinjika kwa O-ring kapena kuwonongeka kwa kutentha pansi pa dynamic cycling. Njira iyi yotsekera yachiwiri yosasinthasintha imatsimikizira kuti mawonekedwe oletsa kutulutsa mpweya amakhalabe osasinthasintha komanso odziwikiratu nthawi yonse yomwe chisindikizocho chikugwira ntchito, kuthandizira mwachindunji kudalirika kwa chomera chonse komanso miyezo yotsatizana.

Kumene zisindikizo zachitsulo zimapereka phindu lalikulu

Ubwino wa kapangidwe ka zitsulo zotsekereza zitsulo umatanthauzira kuti ntchito yake ikhale yokwera kwambiri m'malo omwe zinthu za elastomeric zimalephera kugwira ntchito msanga. Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, monga mapampu amafuta otentha omwe amagwira ntchito mpaka 400°C (750°F), ndi malo oyambira operekera zinthu, chifukwa kutentha kumeneku kumawononga nthawi yomweyo ma FKM kapena FFKM O-rings wamba.

Ntchito zowunikira mpweya zimapindulanso kwambiri. Pa kutentha komwe kumafika pa -75°C (-103°F) ndi pansi pake, ma elastomer amasinthasintha ndi galasi, kukhala ofooka komanso osatha kusunga chisindikizo. Ma bellow achitsulo amasunga modulus yawo yolimba komanso mphamvu zosinthasintha pa kutentha kwakukulu kumeneku. Kuphatikiza apo, pakakhala zinthu zolimba kapena zamadzimadzi zomwe zimasungunuka zomwe zimapanga polymer ndi coke zikakhudzana ndi mlengalenga, kusakhalapo kwa chisindikizo chachiwiri chotsetsereka kumalepheretsa "kupachikidwa" komwe nthawi zambiri kumakakamiza nkhope za chisindikizo kutseguka, motero kupewa kutulutsa mpweya woipa.

Zomwe Zimapanga Zisindikizo za Bellows Zachitsulo Zoyenera Ntchito Yopanda Kutulutsa Mpweya

Kapangidwe koyambira ka chisindikizo chachitsulo chozungulira chimalowa m'malo mwa zigawo zingapo za chisindikizo chachizolowezi—makamaka ma spring, mphete ya O yosinthasintha, ndi sliding sleeve—ndi chitsulo chimodzi cholumikizidwa bwino kwambiri. Chomangira chogwirizanachi chimagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ngati chinthu cha kasupe chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotseka yamakina kumaso kwa chisindikizo komanso ngati malire achiwiri osapindika motsutsana ndi madzi a processing.

Momwe zisindikizo zachitsulo zimagwirira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira a kapangidwe

Chigawo chapakati cha bellows chachitsulo chimapangidwa mwa kulumikiza pamodzi ma diaphragms achitsulo osindikizidwa bwino, kapena timapepala, m'mimba mwake mkati ndi kunja. Kapangidwe kake kolumikizidwa m'mphepete kamapereka liwiro lapadera, lofanana la kasupe lomwe limatsimikizira kuti nkhope ikunyamula katundu mosasamala kanthu za kayendedwe kakang'ono ka shaft axial. Chifukwa chakuti kusonkhana kwa bellows kumakhala kolinganizidwa ndi hydrostatic malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, kuthamanga kwa madzi kumagwira ntchito pamimba mwake yogwira ntchito ya bellows convolutions m'malo mokakamiza sitepe mu shaft kapena sleeve.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa zimaphatikizaponso njira zodziyeretsera zokha. Pamene chipangizo cha bellows chikuzungulira, mphamvu za centrifugal zimachotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera ku convolutions. Izi zimaletsa kusonkhanitsa zinyalala zomwe zikanaletsa kuyenda kwa axial, malo ofala kwambiri pamapangidwe a multi-spring pusher. Chikhalidwe cha static cha seal yachiwiri—nthawi zambiri gasket yosasunthika kapena mphete ya Grafoil—chimatanthauza kuti gulu lonselo limatha kutsatira kuwonongeka kwa nkhope kapena kukula kwa kutentha nthawi yomweyo popanda kuthana ndi kukangana kwa mphete ya O yosinthasintha.

Ndi mikhalidwe iti yogwirira ntchito, zipangizo, ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ofunika

Kusankha kapangidwe koyenera ka zitsulo ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yopanda kutulutsa mpweya, chifukwa timapepala topyapyala (kawirikawiri tokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.10 mpaka 0.15 mm) timakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka ndi zinthu zowononga. Ntchito zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha AM350, koma malo ozungulira amafuna zinthu zapamwamba zosakaniza. Pa ntchito zotentha kwambiri kapena zowononga kwambiri, Alloy 718 (Inconel) ndi Alloy 276 (Hastelloy) ndi zinthu zosinthidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kuphatikiza nkhope nthawi zambiri kumaphatikiza Silicon Carbide yapamwamba ndi Carbon Graphite (yopaka mafuta) kapena Tungsten Carbide (yokana kukwiya).

Ndi njira ziti zolephera ndi malire a magwiridwe antchito zomwe muyenera kuganizira

Ngakhale kuti ndi olimba, zisindikizo zachitsulo zokhala ndi ma bellows zili ndi malire enieni a magwiridwe antchito omwe mainjiniya ayenera kutsata. Ma bellows wamba okhala ndi ma single-ply nthawi zambiri amayesedwa kuti azitha kupanikizika kwambiri kuyambira pa 20 mpaka 25 bar (300 mpaka 360 psi). Mukagwiritsa ntchito kupitirira kupsinjika kumeneku, timapepala topyapyala timakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kupanikizika kapena "kugwedezeka." Mapangidwe a ma multi-ply amatha kuwonjezera malire awa mpaka 60+ bar, koma chifukwa cha kuuma kwa masika.

Njira zolephera mu ma bellow seals zimasiyana kwambiri ndi ma pusher seals. Kudula kwa torsional kungachitike ngati madzi akukhuthala kapena ngati ma seal akuyang'ana ouma ndikumangirira, kupotoza masamba ofewa olumikizidwa. Kusweka kwa kutopa ndi chiopsezo china ngati shaft ikuwonetsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa radial. Pomaliza, ngakhale ma bellows amakana kukanikiza bwino kuposa ma pusher seals, kusonkhana kwakukulu kwa ma hydrocarbon olimba pakati pa ma convolutions kumatha kulimbitsa ma bellows, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthunzi izime mu mafuta olemera.

Momwe Zisindikizo za Metal Bellows Zimafananira ndi Mitundu Ina ya Zisindikizo

Kusankha chisindikizo choyenera cha makinakumafuna kusanthula kozama kwa momwe mapangidwe osiyanasiyana amayankhira ku zinthu zovutitsa pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale kuti zisindikizo zachitsulo zimapereka ubwino wosiyana m'malo ovuta, kumvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira mpikisano motsutsana ndi zisindikizo za pusher ndi zisindikizo za elastomeric ndikofunikira kuti chomera chikhale chodalirika komanso kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zonse zotulutsa mpweya.

Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimayesa bwino momwe mpweya umayendera popanda kutulutsa mpweya

Kuwunika mphamvu ya chisindikizo pa ntchito yotulutsa mpweya kumadalira mfundo zitatu zazikulu: kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa kutentha, ndi nthawi yayitali ya MTBF (Nthawi Yapakati Pakati pa Kulephera). Kutayikira kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa mu ma milliliters pa ola limodzi (ml/hr) pa zakumwa kapena zigawo pa miliyoni imodzi (ppm) pa mpweya wosasunthika. Kuti chisindikizo chiyenerere ntchito yotulutsa mpweya wopanda mpweya, chiyenera kusonyeza nthawi zonse kutayikira kwa mpweya pansi pa 500 ppm motsatira njira zoyesera za API 682.

Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumayesa kuthekera kwa ukadaulo kusunga kutsata nkhope panthawi yosinthasintha kwa kutentha popanda kuwonongeka kwachiwiri kwa chisindikizo. Pomaliza, MTBF imayesa magwiridwe antchito okhazikika; chisindikizo chapamwamba cha zero-emission chiyenera kugwira ntchito modalirika kwa maola opitilira 25,000 (pafupifupi zaka zitatu) chisanayambe kukonzedwanso, poganizira momwe zinthu zilili zokhazikika.

Momwe zisindikizo zachitsulo za bellows zimafananira ndi zisindikizo za pusher ndi elastomer bellows

Akayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ena, zisindikizo zachitsulo zokhala ndi bellows zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yovuta. Zisindikizo zopukutira zimagwiritsa ntchito mphete za O zomwe ziyenera kutsetsereka m'mbali mwa shaft kuti zigwirizane ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhope. Kutsetsereka kumeneku kumayambitsa hysteresis—kuchedwa kutsatira nkhope—ndipo kumabweretsa fretting, yomwe imazungulira shaft kapena sleeve, pamapeto pake imapanga njira yachiwiri yotayira madzi. Zisindikizo za elastomer zimachotsa fretting koma zimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa mankhwala ndi malire a kutentha kwa rabara (nthawi zambiri zimalephera kupitirira 150°C).

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuti Chisindikizo cha Bellows Chikhale Cholimba Kwambiri

Kukwaniritsa ntchito yopanda kutulutsa mpweya si nkhani yongogula chisindikizo chachitsulo choteteza mpweya; kumafuna kutsatira malamulo okhwima a uinjiniya, kukhazikitsa, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza zisindikizo izi mu dongosolo lodalirika kwambiri kumatsimikizira kuti ubwino wa kapangidwe ka zisindikizo umakwaniritsidwa m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni yamunda.

Ndi miyezo iti ndi zofunikira zotsatirira malamulo zomwe zikugwira ntchito

Muyezo wolamulira wa zisindikizo zamakina m'magawo a mafuta, gasi, ndi petrochemical ndi API 682 (ISO 21049). Pansi pa muyezo uwu, zisindikizo zachitsulo zimagawidwa ngati Mtundu B (zozungulira) kapena Mtundu C (zosakhazikika). Kuti zitsatire malamulo a zero-emission mu ntchito zoopsa za VOC, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amatchula makonzedwe awiri a chisindikizo cha Gulu 2 kapena Gulu 3 (Ndondomeko 2 kapena 3).

Kukonzekera kwachitatu, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otchinga opanikizika, kumatsimikizira kuti kutuluka kulikonse pankhope zoyambira za chisindikizo kumakhala ndi madzi otchinga osavulaza m'malo mwa njira yowopsa. Kutsatira malamulo azachilengedwe am'deralo, monga miyezo ya EPA's Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT), kumadalira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe awa a API 682 ogwirizana ndi ma bellow awiri.

Ndi njira ziti zokhazikitsira ndi zofotokozera zomwe zimaletsa kulephera msanga

Kulephera kwa zisindikizo zachitsulo nthawi isanakwane nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika pakuyika kapena kusakwanira kwa zofunikira. Chifukwa chakuti mapepala a bellows ndi osavuta kwambiri kusokoneza makina, akatswiri ayenera kutsimikizira kuti kuthamanga kwa shaft sikupitirira 0.05 mm (0.002 inches) Total Indicator Reading (TIR). Kuthamanga kwambiri kumakakamiza bellows kugwedezeka pafupipafupi kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutopa kwachitsulo komanso kusweka kwa weld kuchepe.

Pa nthawi yofotokozera, mainjiniya ayenera kuwerengera momwe madzi amayendera pa kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Kwa ma hydrocarbon olemera omwe amasungunuka kapena kusungunuka akamakumana ndi mpweya, kufotokoza njira yozimitsira nthunzi ya API Plan 62 ndikofunikira. Bulangeti la nthunzi limaletsa kupangika kwa ma coke ochulukirapo kumbali ya mlengalenga ya timapepala ta bellows, zomwe zikanaletsa kuyenda kwa axial ndikuyambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.

Momwe mungayang'anire momwe zinthu zilili komanso kukonza mapulani

Kuyang'anira nthawi zonse momwe zinthu zilili ndiye maziko omaliza a kudalirika kwa zero-emission. Pa zisindikizo zachitsulo ziwiri, izi zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa API Plan 52 (unpressurized tandem) kapena Plan 53 (pressurized double) mapaipi okonzedwa. Mu dongosolo la Plan 53A, madzi otchinga ayenera kusungidwa pa kuthamanga kwa 1.5 mpaka 2.0 bar (22 mpaka 30 psi) pamwamba pa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa chipinda chotchinga.

Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa madzi otchinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otchinga nthawi zonse. Kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi otchinga kapena kuchepa mwachangu kwa madzi otchinga kumasonyeza kuwonongeka koyamba kapena kwachiwiri kwa nkhope. Mwa kuphatikiza machitidwe owunikira madzi awa ndi chomera DCS (Distributed Control Systems),magulu okonza zinthuakhoza kusintha kuchoka pa kukonza zinthu mwadzidzidzi kupita ku kukonza zinthu zomwe zingachitike, kusintha chisindikizocho asanawononge malire a chilengedwe.

Momwe Ogula Ayenera Kusankhira Nthawi Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zisindikizo za Metal Bellows

Kusintha kukhala zisindikizo zachitsulo kumatanthauza kudzipereka kwakukulu pa ndalama ndi uinjiniya. Magulu ogula ndi odalirika ayenera kutsatira njira yokonzekera bwino kuti atsimikizire kuti ndalama zoyambira zapamwamba zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna komanso phindu lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha moyo wake.

Mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe ziyenera kutsogolera kusankha

Kuti njira yosankhira ikhale yofanana, magulu a uinjiniya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wotsatira malamulo. Zisindikizo zachitsulo ziyenera kulamulidwa ngati ntchitoyo ikukwaniritsa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

1. Kutentha kwa kupompa kumapitirira 200°C (400°F) kapena kumatsika pansi pa -40°C (-40°F).
2. Madzi a processing ali ndi malire okhwima a VOC omwe amafunikira kusungidwa kwa mpweya wa <500 ppm.
3. Madziwo ali ndi chizolowezi chachikulu chopanga polymer, crystallize, kapena coke mumlengalenga.
4. Zolemba zakale zosamalira zimasonyeza kulephera kwa pusher seal pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa O-ring kapena kugwedezeka kwa shaft.

Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kukuphatikizapo madzi oyera, otentha pang'ono kapena madzi osaopsa omwe amagwira ntchito pansi pa 150°C pa mphamvu zochepa, chosindikizira chokhazikika kapena chosindikizira cha elastomer chingakhale chokwanira. Komabe, pa ntchito iliyonse yomwe imagawidwa ngati yoopsa, yapoizoni, kapena yotentha kwambiri, chosindikizira chachitsulo ndicho chisankho chabwino kwambiri.

Momwe mungayezere mtengo pasadakhale poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa moyo wonse

Mtengo wogulira chisindikizo chachitsulo chopangidwa bwino nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera ndi 1.5x mpaka 2.5x kuposa chisindikizo chofanana cha multi-spring pusher. Komabe, kuwunika ukadaulo wokha pa ndalama zoyambira kunyalanyaza kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pa Mtengo Wonse wa Umwini (TCO).

Mwa kuchotsa kwathunthu ma shaft ndi ma sleeve fretting, zitsulo zotsekera zimasunga zinthu pakati pa $2,000 ndi $5,000 pa kukonzanso kwa pampu pa ndalama zosinthira zida ndi makina.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri ndi zifukwa zomveka za Zisindikizo za Metal Bellows
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

N’chifukwa chiyani ma seal achitsulo ndi abwino kwambiri pa mapampu opanda mpweya woipa?

Zimachotsa mphete ya O yomwe imasinthasintha, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutayikira kwa madzi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka, kutentha, ndi kuphulika kwa shaft. Izi zimathandiza zomera kukwaniritsa malire okhwima a VOC emission ndi kutseka kwa nthawi yayitali kokhazikika.

Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimapindula kwambiri ndi zisindikizo zachitsulo?

Amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'mautumiki okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, cryogenic, polymerizing, coking, ndi solids komwe ma pusher seal okhala ndi elastomer nthawi zambiri amalephera kapena kutayika.

Kodi Victor Seals ingapereke zisindikizo zachitsulo zogwirizana ndi OEM?

Inde. Victor Seals imapereka zisindikizo zachitsulo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi OEM pazosowa zambiri zosamalira mapampu a mafakitale, kuphatikizapo mitundu ina ya mapampu akuluakulu.

Kodi zisindikizo zachitsulo zimathandiza bwanji kudalirika pa ntchito yovuta?

Ma bellow olumikizidwa amapereka mphamvu ya masika komanso kutseka kwachiwiri, kotero palibe elastomer yotsetsereka yoti imamatire, kulimbitsa, kapena kuvula. Izi zimathandiza MTBF yayitali komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutseka.

Kodi ogula ayenera kuyang'ana chiyani asanasankhe chisindikizo chachitsulo cha bellows?

Tsimikizirani mtundu wa madzimadzi, kutentha komwe kulipo, mphamvu, kukula kwa shaft, zipangizo zomangira nkhope, ndi zitsulo. Kuti mupeze ntchito yoopsa, onetsetsaninso kuti zinthu zotulutsa mpweya zikugwirizana ndi zomwe wogulitsa chisindikizo wanu amapereka.