Momwe Mungaletsere Kulephera kwa Chisindikizo cha Makina mobwerezabwereza mu Mapampu a Madzi Otentha

Chifukwa Chake Mapampu a Madzi Otentha Amawononga Zisindikizo Zamakina

Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri pazida zozungulira. Kupitirira 160°F (71°C), mphamvu zakuthupi za madzi zimasintha kwambiri, kuchepetsa mafuta ake ndikuwonjezera mwayi woti madzi aziwala pamalo otsekereza. Kumvetsetsa chifukwa chakechisindikizo chamakina chalepheraM'malo amenewa kumafuna kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwonongeka kwa makina wamba ndi kuwonongeka kwachangu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa kutentha kapena madzi.

Pamene mapampu ogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popereka chakudya cha boiler chotentha kwambiri, kubwezeretsa condensate, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa chigawo, njira zawo zotsekera nthawi zambiri zimapititsidwa patsogolo kuposa malire a kapangidwe kake. Kuchepetsa kulephera kumeneku kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino mphamvu za thermodynamic zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chipinda chotsekera ndi njira zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kulephera kwa chisindikizo mobwerezabwereza

Zizindikiro zooneka ndi zogwira ntchito za kulephera msanga nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo nthawi yayitali kutayikira kwadzidzidzi kungapangitse kuti pampu izimitse. Ogwira ntchito yokonza zinthu angaone fumbi la kaboni likusonkhana mozungulira gland, kulira pang'onopang'ono panthawi yoyambira, kapena kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa madzi otsekedwa ngati madzi otsekedwa agwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) ya makina otsekedwa ikutsika pansi pa miyezi 12 mpaka 18 mu madzi otentha okhazikika, zimasonyeza kwambiri mavuto aakulu azachilengedwe kapena a dongosolo m'malo mwa zolakwika zina za zigawo.

Kuwunikanso nthawi yomwe kulephera kwachitika n'kofunika kwambiri. Chisindikizo chomwe chimalephera mkati mwa maola 48 kuchokera pamene kukhazikitsa kukuchitika nthawi zambiri chimasonyeza zolakwika zazikulu pakukhazikitsa, kusokonekera kwakukulu, kapena kuuma kwa nthawi yomweyo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kulephera komwe kumachitika pakatha miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi yogwira ntchito kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa momwe zinthu zilili, kukwera pang'onopang'ono kwa kukula, kapena kugwira ntchito kosatha kunja kwa njira yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera.

Zotsatira za kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi nthunzi

Ubale pakati pa kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi malire a nthunzi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kudalirika kwa chisindikizo cha madzi otentha. Pamene kutentha kwa madzi kukukwera, kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Ngati kuthamanga mkati mwa chipinda chosindikizira sikupitirira kuthamanga kwa nthunzi ya madzi ndi malire okwanira—nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa kukhala osachepera 25 mpaka 50 psi (1.7 mpaka 3.4 bar) pamwamba pa kuthamanga kwa nthunzi—kumachitika kung'anima.

Kuwala ndi kusintha kwa madzi amadzimadzi mwachangu kukhala nthunzi mwachindunjipakati pa nkhope za makina osindikiziraChifukwa nthunzi siipereka mafuta okwanira, nkhope zimauma nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukangana kwakukulu komanso kutentha komwe kumachitika m'deralo. Kutentha kumeneku kumapangitsa nkhope kusokonekera, kutsegula mpata wa filimu yamadzimadzi ndikulola tinthu tating'onoting'ono kulowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ozungulira awonongeke mwachangu.

Kulephera kwa chisindikizo poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro za kulephera kwa dongosolo

Kuzindikira molondola kumafuna kusiyanitsa pakati pa kulephera kwa chisindikizo choyamba ndi kulephera kwa pampu yamagetsi komwe kumangowonekera pa chisindikizo. Chisindikizo cha makina nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholumikizira chofooka kwambiri mu msonkhano wozungulira ndipo chimalephera ngati chizindikiro chachiwiri cha kuvutika kwakukulu kwa hydraulic kapena makina. Mwachitsanzo, kutsekeka kwa cavitation komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha Net Positive Suction Head yosakwanira (NPSha) kumabweretsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komwe kungaswe nkhope za chisindikizo chofooka.

Mofananamo, kuwonongeka kwa mabearing kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kutali ndi Best Efficiency Point (BEP) ya pampu kumabweretsa katundu wambiri wa radial. Ngati kupotoka kwa shaft kupitirira mainchesi 0.002 (0.05 mm) pamaso pa seal, mphamvu yotsatirira ya ma springs imachulukirachulukira. Muzochitika izi, kusintha chisindikizo cha makina popanda kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mabearing kapena kusakhazikika kwa hydraulic kumatsimikizira kubwereranso mwachangu kwa kulephera.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Pakupanga Chisindikizo

Kusankha chisindikizo choyenera cha makina a madzi otentha kumafuna kupitirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe a nkhope, ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu ziyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso mafuta ochepa a madzi otentha.

Mainjiniya ayenera kuwunika magawo enieni ogwirira ntchito—makamaka kutentha kosalekeza kwakukulu, kukwera kwa mphamvu kwakanthawi, ndi kuyera kwa madzi—kuti afotokoze kapangidwe ka chisindikizo komwe kamasunga filimu yokhazikika, yamadzimadzi pansi pa mikhalidwe yonse yogwirira ntchito yomwe ikuyembekezeka.

Mapangidwe ogwirizana poyerekeza ndi osalinganika a chisindikizo

Kukhazikika kwa hydraulic kwa chisindikizo cha makina kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamadzimadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukankhira nkhope za chisindikizo pamodzi. Zisindikizo zosalinganika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zokwana 150 psi (10 bar) ndi kutentha pang'ono. Pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha, mphamvu zazikulu zotsekera za chisindikizo chosalinganika zimapanga kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumachepetsa kwambiri nthunzi ndikuyambitsa kung'anima.

Pa makina amadzi otentha omwe amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kopitilira 200°F (93°C) kapena pamavuto okwera,zisindikizo zamakaniki zoyenerandi zofunika. Kapangidwe koyenera kamasintha chiŵerengero cha mawonekedwe a nkhope za chisindikizo, kuchepetsa mphamvu yotseka ya hydraulic pamene ikusunga mphamvu yokwanira kuti isatuluke. Kusintha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kupanga kutentha pankhope ndi 20% mpaka 30%, kukulitsa malire a kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga (PV) ndikukulitsa kwambiri nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chisindikizo mumadzimadzi osinthasintha.

Zisindikizo zamakina chimodzi motsutsana ndi ziwiri

Zisindikizo zamakina imodziAmadalira kwambiri madzi opopera kuti azipaka mafuta ndi kuziziritsa. Ngakhale kuti ndi otsika mtengo, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogumuka, kung'anima, komanso kuuma. Ngati madzi otentha asokonezedwa kapena kuphwa, chisindikizo chimodzi chimalephera mwachangu. Pofuna kuchepetsa izi, nthawi zambiri malo ogwirira ntchito amasinthira ku zisindikizo ziwiri (ziwiri) zamakina kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina zimagwiritsa ntchito chotchinga chachiwiri kapena madzi osungira kuti zilekanitse nkhope za chisindikizo ndi madzi okhwima, kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akupitilizabe mosasamala kanthu za momwe pampu ilili mkati.

Zipangizo za nkhope, ma elastomer, ndi kusankha masika

Kusankha zinthu sikoyenera m'malo otentha. Pa nkhope zoyambira za seal, carbon yothira antimony yomwe imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi Silicon Carbide (SiC) kapena Tungsten Carbide (TC) ndi yofanana, yomwe imapereka kukana kwabwino kwa kuwonongeka komanso kupulumuka kouma. Ngakhale SiC motsutsana ndi SiC imapereka kuuma kwakukulu, imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri kusweka ngati madziwo atuluka ndipo nkhope zake ziuma.

Kusankha Elastomer (O-ring) n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. FKM (Viton) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale koma imadziwika kuti imaphwanyidwa ndi hydrolysis—kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala—pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha pamwamba pa 212°F (100°C). M'malo mwake, EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) ndiye elastomer yomwe imakondedwa kwambiri pamadzi otentha ndi nthunzi, ndipo imagwira bwino kutentha mpaka 300°F (149°C). Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe osasunthika a masika ambiri kapena mabellow achitsulo amalimbikitsidwa pamwamba pa masika a single-coil, chifukwa amakana kutsekeka ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere komwe kumachitika m'makina amadzi otentha.

Momwe Mungadziwire Kulephera kwa Chisindikizo Musanachisinthe

Kusintha mwachimbulimbulichisindikizo cha makina chosagwira ntchitopopanda kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, zimatsimikizira kuti vutolo lidzabwerezedwanso. Njira yowunikira ndi kusanthula mwadongosolo ndiyofunikira kuti mudziwe zinthu zinazake zomwe zimasokoneza makina, kutentha, kapena mankhwala zomwe zinasokoneza njira yotsekera.

Poona chisindikizo cholephera ngati umboni wa zamalamulo, mainjiniya odalirika amatha kuyika njira zowonongera zakuthupi ku zolakwika zinazake zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira zowongolera komanso zogwira mtima.

Kuyang'ana nkhope za zisindikizo, manja, ndi mphete za O

Kuwunika kozama kwa kugwetsa kwa mpweya kumapereka umboni womveka bwino wa chifukwa chomwe chisindikizo cha makina chinalephera. Mainjiniya ayenera kufufuza nkhope zolimba zoyambirira kuti aone kutentha—ming'alu ingapo ya radial yochokera pakati pa mphete yotsekera. Kachitidwe kameneka ka kuwonongeka ndi chizindikiro cha kutentha, kutsimikizira kuti madziwo anatuluka nthunzi ndipo nkhopezo zinauma zisanazimitsidwe mwadzidzidzi ndi madzi ozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsekeka kwakukulu kapena kuphulika kwa mpweya pa mphete yoyamba ya kaboni kumasonyeza kuti mafuta osakwanira kapena kuukira kwa mankhwala.

Zinthu zina zotsekera ndi zida zina zimanenanso nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Mphete za O zomwe zimawoneka ngati zotuluka, zosalala, kapena zophwanyika zimasonyeza kutentha komwe kumapitirira malire a elastomer. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphete ya EPDM O ikumana ndi kutentha komwe kumapitirira 300°F (149°C), imauma ndikutaya kulimba kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yachiwiri yotayira madzi. Kugwedezeka pa shaft ya pampu kapena sleeve pansi pa mphete ya O-ring yosinthika kumasonyezanso kuti pali kuyenda kwakukulu kwa axial kapena kugwedezeka panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Kuyang'ana kukhazikika, kugwedezeka, ndi kupsinjika kwa chitoliro

Kukhazikika kwa makina a pampu kumalamulira mwachindunji nthawi ya chisindikizo. Kulumikizana kolondola pakati pa pampu ndi mota sikungakambirane. Kusalingana kwa ngodya kopitilira mainchesi 0.005 pa inchi, kapena kusalingana kofanana kopitilira mainchesi 0.002, kumakakamiza chisindikizo cha makina kuti chigwirizane ndi kuzungulira kulikonse kwa shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma springi kapena bellows zitope mwachangu komanso kuti nkhope iwonongeke kwambiri.

Kuthamanga kwa mapaipi ndi njira ina yobisika yophera zisindikizo zamakina. Pamene mapaipi olemera komanso otenthedwa ndi kutentha alumikizidwa ku ma flange a pampu popanda chithandizo choyenera, amasokoneza chivundikiro cha pampu. Kusokonezeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti shaft ipasuke kwambiri komanso kuti ikhudze mkati. Kuchita kusanthula kugwedezeka ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lozindikira; kugwedezeka konsekonse kopitilira 0.15 in/sec RMS nthawi zambiri kumavumbula kuwonongeka kwa ma bearing, kusalinganika, kapena mavuto a resonance omwe akuwononga kwambiri luso la kutsata nkhope ya chisindikizo cha mainchesi ang'onoang'ono.

Kuwunikanso deta yogwirira ntchito ndi momwe zinthu zilili

Kuwunika thupi kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi deta yogwira ntchito kuti apange chithunzi chokwanira chodziwira matenda. Magulu odalirika ayenera kuwonanso zomwe zinachitika m'mbuyomu za SCADA kapena DCS zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chilemacho chilephereke. Yang'anani kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, zochitika zosayembekezereka, kapena kutentha komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwakuthupi komwe kwawonedwa pa chisindikizo.

Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda. Ngati pampu nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito mochepera Minimum Continuous Safe Flow (MCSF), kubwerezabwereza kwa madzi amkati kumagwira ntchito ngati hydraulic brake, ndikusamutsa mphamvu ya kinetic mwachangu kukhala kutentha. Mu volute yotsekedwa, izi zingayambitse kutentha kwa madzi kukwera ndi 10°F mpaka 20°F (5°C mpaka 11°C) pamphindi, ndikusandutsa madzi pamalo olumikizira chisindikizo nthawi yayitali kutentha kwa madzi ambiri kusanayambe alamu yotentha kwambiri.

Zochita Zowongolera Kuti Mupewe Kulephera Kobwerezabwereza

Kuchepetsa kulephera mobwerezabwereza kumafuna kusintha malo ogwirira ntchito kapena makina othandizira chisindikizo kuti zitsimikizire kuti madzi okhazikika, ozizira, komanso oyera amakhalabe pamwamba pa chisindikizo nthawi zonse.

Zochita zowongolera zimayambira pakukhazikitsa njira zokhwima zosamalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka kukhazikitsa mapulani apamwamba a mapaipi a API omwe amawongolera mwachangu kutentha kwa chipinda chosindikizira.

Kukonza kuyika ndi kukonzekera chipinda chosindikizira

Maziko a kudalirika kwa chisindikizo amakhazikitsidwa pasadakhale kuti pampu iyambe kugwira ntchito. Kulekerera koyenera kwa kuyika kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zoyimbira. Kuthamanga kwa shaft kuyenera kusungidwa mosamala pa mainchesi osakwana 0.001 (0.025 mm) Chiwerengero Chonse cha Chizindikiro (TIR). Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga kwa nkhope ya chipinda choyimbira (sikweya kufika pa shaft) kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa mainchesi 0.0005 pa inchi iliyonse ya mainchesi a shaft kuti zitsimikizire kuti gland yosasunthika ikukhala bwino.

Kukonzekera chipinda chotseka kumaphatikizaponso njira zolimba zotulutsira mpweya. Makina amadzi otentha amatha kulowa mu matumba a mpweya kapena nthunzi omwe ali pamwamba pa bokosi lodzaza. Ngati chipinda chotseka sichinatulutsidwe mpweya bwino musanayambe kugwira ntchito, gawo lapamwamba la nkhope ya chipinda chotseka lidzauma kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuwonongeke nthawi yomweyo mkati mwa masekondi ochepa oyamba kuchokera pamene ntchito ikuchitika.

Kuwongolera njira zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi njira zoyambira

Kusamala pa ntchito n'kofunika kwambiri monga momwe kapangidwe ka makina kamachitira. Pofuna kupewa kukwera kwa kutentha komwe kumayenderana ndi kutsika kwa kayendedwe ka madzi, malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kuti pampu isagwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso wa MCSF. Kukhazikitsa Ma Vavu Odziyimira Payokha Ozungulira Madzi (ARVs) kapena mizere yocheperako yodutsa madzi imaonetsetsa kuti madzi akuyenda mosalekeza kudzera m'chikwamacho, ndikuchotsa kutentha bwino.

Ndondomeko zoyambira ziyeneranso kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa, makamaka pa mapampu okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi otentha. Kuyika chivundikiro cha pampu yozizira pamalo opumira madzi okwanira 250°F (121°C) kumayambitsa kusokonekera kwakukulu kwa kutentha, komwe kumasokoneza nkhope za chisindikizo shaft isanayambe kuzungulira. Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zowongolera zotenthetsera, pogwiritsa ntchito ngalande zotsekera kapena mizere yotenthetsera kuti kutentha kukhale kotentha pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pafupifupi 5°F mpaka 10°F pamphindi, kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kuli koyenera musanayambe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsukira, zozimitsira, zoziziritsira, kapena zotchingira

Pamene kutentha kwa ndondomekoyi kwapitirira malire otetezeka ogwirira ntchito a chisindikizo, zowongolera zachilengedwe zakunja zimafunika. Mapulani a API Piping amalamulira momwe madzi amapititsidwira kupita ndi kuchokera ku chisindikizo cha makina kuti apereke chitetezo choziziritsa, chotsuka, kapena chotchinga.

Pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri, API Plan 23 ikulangizidwa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi Plan 21, yomwe nthawi zonse imaziziritsa madzi otentha kuchokera mu pompu, Plan 23 imazunguliranso madzi pang'ono pakati pa chipinda chosindikizira ndi chosinthira kutentha chodzipereka. Dongosolo logwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ili lingathe kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chipinda chosindikizira ndi 50°F mpaka 100°F (28°C mpaka 56°C) poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa ntchito zambiri, kuchotsa kwathunthu chiopsezo cha kung'anima ndi kukulitsa moyo wa chisindikizo mwachangu.

Chisankho Chokonza, Kukweza, Kapena Kukonzanso

Akakumana ndi vuto la kulephera kwa makina osindikizira, magulu opanga zinthu zosamalira ndi kudalirika ayenera kuwunika ngati apitirize kukonza zomwe zilipo kale, kusintha zomwe zili mu makina osindikizira, kapena kusintha makinawo mokwanira.

Chisankhochi chimadalira kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, kulinganiza ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pasadakhale ndi zilango za nthawi yayitali za ogwira ntchito yokonza, zida zosinthira, komanso nthawi yopuma yopanga yosakonzekera.

Kuyerekeza mtengo wokonza ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chisindikizo

Mtengo weniweni wa kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha makina umapitirira pamlingo wa invoice ya gawo losinthira. Umaphatikizapo ntchito yofunika pakugwetsa ndi kukhazikitsa, mtengo wa madzi otchinga, kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa madzi, komanso chilango chachikulu cha ndalama chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ntchito. Njira yokhazikika yokonzanso zinthu nthawi zambiri imakhala yonyenga pankhani ya kulephera kwanthawi yayitali.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati chisindikizo chokhazikika chamagetsi chimawononga $1,500 kuti chikonzedwe koma chikalephera miyezi 6 iliyonse, ndalama zokonzera mwachindunji pachaka zimapitirira $3,000—osaphatikizapo nthawi yopuma. Ndalama zobwerezabwerezazi zimaposa ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa kamodzi kokha $4,500 mpaka $6,000 kuti chisindikizo chapadera cha cartridge chikhale ndi pulani yabwino kwambiri yopangira mapaipi yomwe imapereka MTBF yodalirika ya miyezi 36. Kuwunika Mtengo Wonse wa Eni (TCO) kwa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu kumatanthauza momveka bwino nthawi yomwe njira yokonzera siigwiranso ntchito.

Nthawi yosinthira zofunikira za chisindikizo

Kukweza zofunikira za chisindikizo kumakhala kofunikira pamene zenizeni zogwirira ntchito za pampu zikusiyana ndi zomwe zidapangidwa kale. Chinthu chofala chomwe chimayambitsa kukweza ndi kukwera kwa njira, pomwe kusintha kwa makina kumakankhira kutentha kwa madzi pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa zomwe zidapangidwa kale (monga, kukwera kuchokera pa 180°F yoyamba kufika pa 220°F yokhazikika pazaka zingapo zakukula kwa malo).

Zina zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi monga kuyatsa/kutseka pampu pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kubwerezenso, kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe komanso chitetezo okhudza kutuluka kwa madzi. Kusuntha kuchoka pa chisindikizo chimodzi chosalinganika kupita ku chisindikizo cha cartridge cholinganizidwa, kusintha kuchoka pa FKM kupita ku EPDM elastomers, kapena kusintha kuchokera pa Plan 11 kupita ku Plan 23 cooling loop ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yothandiza kwambiri yosinthira ma specification a madzi otentha opitilira 200°F (93°C).

Kupanga dongosolo lofunikira kwambiri lokonza zinthu

Kuthetsa kulephera mobwerezabwereza kumafuna dongosolo lokonza zinthu motsatira njira yokhazikika komanso yofunikira m'malo mongoganizira zinthu zosweka. Gawo loyamba liyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa zipatso zotsika: kukonza kukhazikika kwa pampu, kutsimikizira malire a NPSHa, kuchotsa kupsinjika kwa paipi, ndikukakamiza mwamphamvu njira zotenthetsera pampu ndi kuyenda kochepa. Kukonza kumeneku kumafuna ndalama zochepa zogulira ndipo nthawi zambiri kumathetsa kulephera kwakukulu msanga.

Gawo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo kusintha kwaukadaulo kwa chisindikizocho, monga kulongosola bwino mawonekedwe a nkhope, kukonza zipangizo za nkhope kuti zisaume bwino, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti elastomer ikugwirizana. Pomaliza, gawo lachitatu limafuna ndalama zogulira zinthu zothandizira zapamwamba, monga kukhazikitsa zoziziritsira (Plan 23) kapena kusintha kupita ku makonzedwe awiri a chisindikizo (Plan 53A) kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwamphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kukwera kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuti zithetseretu chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo cha makina.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Sungani kupanikizika kwa chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zosachepera 25 mpaka 50 psi pamwamba pa kupsinjika kwa nthunzi ya madzi kuti muchepetse kunyezimira ndi kuuma kwa madzi pamalo osungiramo zinthu zosafunikira.
• Chitani ngati MTBF ili ndi madzi otentha kwa miyezi yosakwana 12 mpaka 18 ngati umboni wa vuto la makina kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha, osati kungotseka kolakwika.
• Fufuzani zolakwika mkati mwa maola 48 kuti muwone ngati pali zolakwika pa kukhazikitsa, kusakhazikika bwino, malo olakwika, kapena momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
• Yang'anani momwe pampu imagwirira ntchito monga NPSH, cavitation, thanzi la bearing, shaft deflection, ndi mtunda kuchokera ku BEP musananene kuti ndi chisindikizo chokha.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mapangidwe a zisindikizo, zipangizo, ndi mapulani othandizira omwe adavotera madzi otentha kwambiri m'malo mogwiritsanso ntchito zisindikizo zapampu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kupitirira malire ake.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

N’chifukwa chiyani zisindikizo zamakina zimalephera nthawi zambiri m’mapampu a madzi otentha?

Madzi otentha ali ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nthunzi yambiri. Ngati mpweya wotentha uli pafupi kwambiri ndi nthunzi, madzi amatha kulowa mu nthunzi pamwamba pa nthunzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi ayambe kuyenda bwino, kutentha kusokonezeke, fumbi la kaboni, kutuluka kwa madzi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa nkhope mwachangu.

Kodi ndi nthunzi yotani yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito poyika zisindikizo za makina a madzi otentha?

Cholinga chenicheni ndi kusunga mphamvu ya chipinda chosindikizira osachepera 25 mpaka 50 psi, kapena 1.7 mpaka 3.4 bar, pamwamba pa mphamvu ya nthunzi ya madzi. Mphepete mwa mpata uwu umathandiza kupewa kung'anima pankhope za chosindikizira.

Kodi chisindikizo chotuluka nthawi zonse chimatanthauza kuti chisindikizocho chinali ndi vuto?

Ayi. Chisindikizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala gawo loyamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la dongosolo, monga kutsekeka kwa cavitation, NPSH yoipa, kupotoka kwa shaft, kuwonongeka kwa mabearing, kusakhazikika bwino, kapena kugwira ntchito kutali ndi malo abwino kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito pampu.

Kodi kulephera kwa chisindikizo mkati mwa maola 48 nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza chiyani?

Kulephera mkati mwa maola 48 nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza cholakwika chokhazikitsa, kusokonekera kwakukulu, kuyika kolakwika kwa chisindikizo, kugwira ntchito kouma nthawi yomweyo, kapena vuto lalikulu lomwe silingagwire ntchito.

Kodi kulephera kusindikiza mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kuonedwa ngati vuto losatha liti?

Ngati MTBF yosindikizira makina ikutsika pansi pa miyezi 12 mpaka 18 mu ntchito yokhazikika ya madzi otentha, chifukwa chake chingakhale cha dongosolo osati mwachisawawa. Onaninso kuthamanga, kutentha, dongosolo lothira madzi, ma hydraulics a pampu, kukhazikitsa, ndi momwe shaft ilili.