Kodi Kuwonongeka Kochuluka Bwanji Kumene Kumayambika kwa Mapampu Ouma Kumayambitsa Zisindikizo Zamakina?

Chifukwa Chake Kuuma Kuthamanga kwa Makina Osindikizira Kuli Kofunika

Zisindikizo zamakinaZimagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga chachikulu chotetezera zida zozungulira zamafakitale, kuteteza madzi owopsa, okwera mtengo, kapena owononga chilengedwe kuti asatulukire mumlengalenga. Zisindikizo zolumikizana ndi makina zimadalira gawo laling'ono lamadzimadzi lomwe limasungidwa pakati pa nkhope zawo zozungulira ndi zosasunthika. Pamene filimu yamadzimadzi iyi yatha, chisindikizocho chimauma. Ngakhale nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa zisindikizo zamadzimadzi zolumikizana m'mapampu opingasa, oyenda gawo limodzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mapampu oyima, mapangidwe osakanikirana, ndi zisindikizo zachitsulo zozungulira zimasonyeza machitidwe osiyanasiyana oyenda ndi kuuma. Mayankho opangidwa mwaluso—monga zisindikizo za mpweya wouma, zisindikizo zogawanika, kapena nkhope zapadera zodzipaka mafuta—alinso ndi mphamvu zosiyana kwambiri zoyenda ndi kuuma.

Kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo kumadalira kwambiri filimu yamadzimadzi iyi, yomwe imapereka mafuta ofunikira a hydrodynamic ndi kuziziritsa komweko. Popanda izi, chisindikizocho chimakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa tribological ndipo chimawonongeka mwachangu. Kumvetsetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito, momwe malonda amakhudzira, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa dry running kumathandiza mainjiniya odalirika kukonza nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTBF) ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Zotsatira za malonda a madzi ouma

Zotsatira zachuma za ntchito youma zimapitirira mtengo wa chisindikizo chosinthira. Ndalama zokonzera mwachindunji za muyezokulephera kwa chisindikizo cha pampu ya centrifugalnthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa $3,000 ndi $10,000 poganizira za ntchito yobereka, ziwalo zina, ndi njira zochotsera kuipitsidwa. Komabe, chiwerengerochi chimasiyana kwambiri kutengera kukula kwa chisindikizo, mafakitale, dera, komanso ngati pampuyo ndi ya ANSI yokhazikika, API yolemera, kapena chitsanzo chopangidwa mwamakonda.

Nthawi yosakonzekera yogwira ntchito imadula kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kugwira ntchito pa pampu yofunikira yoperekera chakudya cha boiler kungapangitse kuti fakitale yamagetsi iwononge chipangizocho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwa madola masauzande ambiri pa ola limodzi. Kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kumabweretsanso chindapusa cha chilengedwe, kukonza zinthu zoopsa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zida zina, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wa chochitika chimodzi.

Tanthauzo la kuthamanga kouma

Kuuma kwa madzi kumachitika pamene filimu yamadzimadzi opaka mafuta—nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhuthala ma microns 1 mpaka 3 okha—imachoka kwathunthu kuchokera ku seal interface, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhope zopukutidwa bwino zigwirizane mwachindunji, popanda mafuta.

Ngakhale opanga amapanga zomatira zamakanika kuti azitha kunyamula mafuta pang'ono panthawi yoyambira ndi kuzimitsa, kuyenda kouma nthawi zonse kumaphwanya malire a kapangidwe kake. Popanda cholumikizira chamadzimadzi kuti chichotse kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi shaft yozungulira, chomatiracho chimalephera mwachangu kudzera mu kuwonongeka kwa kutentha ndi makina komwe kwafotokozedwa m'magawo otsatirawa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa machitidwe opopera

Mavuto a hydraulic ndi zolakwika pakugwira ntchito zimayambitsa zochitika zambiri zouma. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kuyenda kouma mwa kuyambitsa pampu popanda kutulutsa mpweya bwino, zomwe zimasiya mpweya kapena nthunzi zitatsekeredwa m'bokosi lodzaza. Kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yokhala ndi valavu yotsekera kumalepheretsanso chipinda chotseka madzi kulowa.

Zina zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi monga kusakwanira kwa mutu wokoka mpweya (NPSha) komwe kumayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa mpweya mu thanki yokoka mpweya, kapena kuyendetsa pampu kutali kwambiri ndi malo ake abwino kwambiri ogwirira ntchito (BEP).

Zomwe Zimachitika M'kati mwa Chisindikizo Panthawi Youma

Pamene chisindikizo chataya filimu yake yamadzimadzi, chimalowa mu mzere wowononga wa kukangana, kutentha, ndi kusintha kwa zinthu. Chifukwa chakuti nkhope za chisindikizo zimalumikizana kwambiri, kukhudzana mwachindunji kumapanga mphamvu zazikulu zodula. Mphamvu ya kutentha yomwe imachokera imatuluka kunja, ndikuwononga zigawo zina zosungira ndi makina oyendetsa.

Kugwa kwa filimu yopaka mafuta

Munthawi yachibadwa, filimu yamadzimadzi imasunga coefficient of friction (COF) yotsika kwambiri. Filimuyi ikagwa, njira yogwirira ntchito imasinthasintha nthawi yomweyo kukhala dry friction, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti COF ikwere kwambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kumeneku kwa kukana kukangana kumafuna mphamvu yochulukirapo kuchokera ku injini kuti isunge kuzungulira kwa shaft. Popanda filimu yamadzimadzi, kufooka kwa microscopic pa seal kumakumana ndi kuswedwa kozizira ndikuduladula, zomwe zimachotsa mwachangu mawonekedwe apadera a pamwamba omwe nthawi zambiri amapereka kukweza kwa hydrodynamic.

Kutentha kokangana ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhope

Kukangana kwakukulu nthawi yomweyo kumabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapezeka pamalo amodzi. Popanda madzi oziziritsira malo olumikizirana, kutentha kumatha kufika pamlingo wowononga—nthawi zambiri kupitirira 300°C mpaka 500°C pa silicon carbide ndi carbon pa liwiro lokhazikika la injini—mkati mwa masekondi mpaka mphindi, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili ndi kuthamanga kwa mphamvu (PV).

Kutentha kwakukulu kumeneku kumayambitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zolephera kutengera zinthu za nkhope. Zipangizo zolimba monga silicon carbide kapena tungsten carbide zimakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri, zimakula mosagwirizana ndipo zimakhala ndi ma radial micro-fractures otchedwa "heat checking." Zipangizo zofewa, monga resin-impregnated carbon, blister pamene zomangira zawo zamkati zimakula ndikutuluka pamwamba pa sealing, ndikuwononga micro-flatness yofunikira.

Zotsatira pa elastomers, springs, ndi drive parts

Pamene kutentha kukupita kunja kuchokera ku nkhope za chisindikizo, kumawononga zigawo zina. Mphete za Elastomeric O zimawonongeka kutengera malire awo enieni a kutentha; mwachitsanzo, standard FKM (Viton) nthawi zambiri imalimba ndipo imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa 200°C, pomwe PTFE imawonongeka ndikutuluka pamwamba pa 260°C.

Kupitilira ma elastomer, kupsinjika kouma kumasamutsa mphamvu yamphamvu kupita ku ma pini oletsa kuzungulira ndi makina oyendetsa a seal. Ma pini oyendetsa amatha kudulidwa, kapena chigoba cha seal chingazungulire pa shaft ndikuyambitsa gallness yayikulu. Ma spring ndi ma bellow achitsulo amathanso kutaya mphamvu ndi kupsinjika kwawo chifukwa cha kutentha, kulephera kusunga mphamvu yotseka yofunikira ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito atabwezeretsa madziwo pambuyo pake.

Kuwonongeka Kouma Kumasiyana Bwanji ndi Mikhalidwe ya Utumiki

Zochitika zouma zimapita patsogolo pa liwiro losiyana ndipo zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kosiyana. Kuopsa kwake kumadalira kwambiri momwe ntchito ikuyendera panthawi yomwe pampu imataya filimu yake yamadzimadzi.

Kapangidwe ka madzimadzi, liwiro lozungulira, ndi zinthu zomangira nkhope zonse zimatsimikizira ngati chisindikizo chimapulumuka kwakanthawi kochepa kapena chalephera kwambiri.

Kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka potengera nthawi yomwe yawonekera

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe chivundikirocho chimawonekera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chivundikirocho chikhalepo. Kutayika kwakanthawi kwa mphamvu yoyamwa kwa masekondi ochepa chabe kungayambitse kutsekeka pang'ono komwe kumadzichiritsa kokha madzi akabwerera.

Komabe, kuuma kosalekeza kumakhala koopsa kwa ma seal wamba. Pamene kuwonekera kukupitirira, kufalikira kwa kutentha kumasokoneza nkhope za ma seal ndikutsegula njira yotulutsira madzi. Mu ntchito zothamanga kwambiri, kulephera kwakukulu—monga nkhope zolimba zosweka kapena mphete za O-rings zosungunuka—kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa kutentha kokangana.

Kusiyana pakati pa madzi, mankhwala, ma hydrocarbon, ndi slurry

Madzi opompedwawo amalamulira zotsatira zina za chochitika chouma. Popompa madzi, kutsika kwa mphamvu kapena kukwera kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti filimu yotsalayo ipangike kukhala nthunzi. Kukula kwamphamvu kumeneku kumaphwanya mwamphamvu nkhope za chisindikizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyundo ndi m'mphepete zigwe.

Mu ntchito za hydrocarbon, kutentha kumaphwanya zotsalira zamadzimadzi, ndikuyika wosanjikiza wolimba komanso wowawa wa kaboni wokazinga pamwamba. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matope, chonyamulira madzicho chimasanduka nthunzi, ndikuphika zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa mwachindunji pankhope zotsekera ndi masiponji. Izi zimatseka zigawo zosinthika ndikuwononga malo ozungulira.

Zosintha zazikulu: liwiro, kuthamanga, kutentha, ndi zinthu

Mtengo wa Pressure-Velocity (PV) wa chisindikizo umatanthauzira malire ake ogwirira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lalikulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kumakhala ndi ma PV apamwamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chochitika chouma chimapanga kutentha kowononga mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ma PV ochepa.

Kusankha zinthu kumakhudzanso kwambiri kupirira kwa dry-run. Silicon carbide (SiC) ndi muyezo wamakampani chifukwa cha kuuma kwake komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa kutentha. Chifukwa SiC yokhazikika ndi yofooka komanso yotetezeka ku kutentha, opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba monga silicon carbide yokhala ndi graphite kapena nkhope zokhala ndi diamondi. Malo opangidwa awa amachepetsa kupsinjika kouma, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chisindikizocho chikhalebe chouma kwakanthawi kochepa, ngakhale kuti zochitika zopitilira zimakhalabe zowononga.

Momwe Mungadziwire Kuwonongeka kwa Chisindikizo Chouma

Kuzindikira matenda molondola kumathandiza kuti munthu asamachite zinthu mobwerezabwereza.chisindikizo chamakinaNgati yalephera msanga, mainjiniya odalirika ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wa zamalamulo kuti atsimikizire kuti imayamba kugwira ntchito mouma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala, kusagwirizana, kapena kuwonongeka kwa abrasive.

Izi zimafuna kuchotsa mosamala, kuyang'ana ndi maso, ndi kuwunika kwa metrological kuti zitsimikizire kulephera kubwerera ku momwe ntchito ikuyendera pamlingo wa dongosolo.

Njira zowunikira pambuyo poti madzi akuoneka kuti ndi ouma

Kuzindikira matendawa kumayamba akatswiri asanachotse chisindikizo chonse. Choyamba, patulani pampu, tulutsani madzi bwino mu chivundikirocho, ndikuyang'ana ngati pali madzi m'chipinda chosindikizira. Lembani momwe mapaipi otulutsira madzi alili komanso momwe zinthu zilili kuti mupewe kulephera kwa makina othandizira.

Akachotsa ndi kuyeretsa, akatswiri ayenera choyamba kuchita kafukufuku wa macro-visual kuti adziwe kuwonongeka koonekeratu. Pambuyo pofufuza zinthu, fufuzani zigawozo motsatira metrologically. Kuyang'ana nkhope pansi pa kuwala kwa monochromatic ndi kuwala kosalala kumawonetsa kukula kwa kuwonongekako. Ngakhale nkhope ya chisindikizo chathanzi imawonetsa mikanda yofanana yowunikira yomwe ikusonyeza kusalala kwambiri, chisindikizo chouma chimakhala ndi mikanda yopotoka kwambiri, yosafanana chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zooneka za kulephera kwa chisindikizo

Akatswiri a zaulimi nthawi zambiri amaona zizindikiro zooneka bwino za madzi ouma nthawi yomweyo akangotulutsa. Zizindikiro zomveka bwino zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana kutentha pankhope zolimba ndi matuza kapena kukumba kwambiri pankhope za kaboni. Oyang'anira ayeneranso kuyang'ana ngati fumbi la kaboni lasamutsidwa kwambiri mkati mwa chipinda chosindikizira.

Kusintha kwa mtundu wa zinthu zachitsulo kumapereka umboni wina. Manja achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena makola oyendetsera okhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wosiyana amasonyeza kutentha kwambiri komwe kumachitika m'derali. Kuphatikiza apo, mphete za O zomwe zimawoneka zopsa, zosweka, kapena zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a sikweya (compression set) zimatsimikizira kuti malo otsekeredwawo ndi opitilira kutentha kwabwinobwino.

Nthawi yoti mubwezeretse, kumanganso, kapena kusintha chisindikizocho

Mukatsimikizira kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizocho, muyenera kusankha momwe mungachitire ndi chisindikizocho. Akatswiri nthawi zina amatha kukonza zotupa zazing'ono kapena zopindika pang'ono pankhope zolimba pozilumikizanso. Komabe, pali njira zokhwima zololera; ngati kubwezeretsa kusalala kumafuna kuchotsa zinthu zomwe sizingatayike zomwe wopanga adataya, muyenera kutaya nkhopeyo kuti mupewe kusintha kasupe wopangidwa ndi chisindikizocho.

Zisindikizo zomwe zawonongeka kwambiri ndi kutentha—monga zigawo zachitsulo zosweka kwambiri kapena zabuluu—zimafunika kusinthidwa kwathunthu. Ngati pampu ikuwonetsa mbiri ya kulephera kwa dry-run mobwerezabwereza, kumanganso chisindikizocho kuti chigwirizane ndi zofunikira za OEM ndi njira yolakwika. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito umboni wodziwitsa kuti mutsimikizire kukweza kapangidwe ka chisindikizocho kapena kusintha njira yothandizira chilengedwe.

Momwe Mungachepetsere Chiwopsezo Chouma

Kuchotsa zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuuma kwa madzi kumafuna njira yodziwira bwino zinthu, kuphatikiza kusankha bwino zisindikizo, njira zowongolera zachilengedwe, komanso kuyang'anira makina mosalekeza.

Chitetezo chokhala ndi zigawo zambiri chimateteza zida zozungulira ku zolakwika zosakhalitsa zogwirira ntchito ndi zolakwika za hydraulic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu agwire ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kusankha mtundu wa chisindikizo: zisindikizo chimodzi, ziwiri, ndi katiriji

Kudalira pachisindikizo chimodzi chamakina chokhazikikaPogwiritsa ntchito nthawi youma, kuthamanga kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Kusintha kukhala chisindikizo cha makina awiri (awiri) kumapereka chitetezo chotsimikizika. Chisindikizo champhamvu chimagwiritsa ntchito madzi olekanitsa omwe amasungidwa pakati pa nkhope zamkati ndi zakunja za chisindikizo.

Potsatira miyezo yamakampani, madzi otchingira awa amakhala ndi mphamvu pamwamba pa mphamvu ya bokosi lodzaza la pampu. Chifukwa chakuti chosungira chakunja chimapereka madzi otchingira, nkhope zamkati ndi zakunja za chisindikizo zimakhalabe zofewa mokwanira komanso zoziziritsidwa ngakhale pampu itataya madzi ake oyambira. Ngakhale kuti zisindikizo ziwiri zimayambitsa ndalama zambiri zoyambira komanso zovuta zokonza, zimaletsa kulephera kwakukulu kwa madzi ouma. Kusintha kupita kuzisindikizo za katirijizimathandizanso, chifukwa mafakitale amakonza bwino nkhope zawo zofewa komanso kukanikizana kwa masika, kuchotsa zolakwika zomwe zimafanana kapena kukulitsa vuto la kuuma.

Mapulani oyeretsa ndi njira zowunikira

Pa zomatira zomatira chimodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lolondola la mapaipi kumachepetsa zoopsa zoti madzi asamaume. Pulasitiki ya Plan 32 imalowetsa madzi oyera, ozizira, akunja mwachindunji m'chipinda chomatira, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mafuta azikhala okhazikika mosasamala kanthu za momwe zimayamwira. Pa zomatira zomatira ziwiri, machitidwe otsekedwa monga Plan 53A, 53B, kapena Plan 54 amapereka kayendedwe kabwino ka madzi otchinga.

Makina owunikira ogwira ntchito ndi omwe amateteza kwambiri ku mavuto. Kuyika ma monitor amphamvu pa mota ya pampu ndi kothandiza kwambiri; ngati pampu yataya mphamvu yake ndikuuma, katundu wa mota umatsika kwambiri. Mutha kupanga ma monitor amphamvu kuti agwetse mota yokha ngati katunduyo watsika pansi pa malire odziwika kwa masekondi angapo, kulowererapo musanawononge kutentha. Ma sensor ogwedera ndi ma seal chamber temperature probes amaperekanso chenjezo loyambirira ku Distributed Control System (DCS) ya malowa.

Sinthani dongosolo la zisankho

Kusankha nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chitetezochi kumafuna dongosolo lokonzekera zisankho lozikidwa pa Kubweza Ndalama (ROI) ndi kulekerera zoopsa. Ngati pampu ikumana ndi kulephera kwa ntchito youma mobwerezabwereza, mtengo wa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kukonza umapangitsa kuti pakhale chifukwa chosinthira kukhala chisindikizo chawiri kapena kukhazikitsa active power monitoring.

Akatswiri odalirika ayenera kuwunika Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) motsutsana ndi miyezo yodziwika bwino yamakampani, monga cholinga cha API 682 cha miyezi 36 mpaka 48+ ya ma pump opitilira ntchito. Ngati MTBF yomwe ilipo ikutsika kwambiri pansi pa miyezo iyi chifukwa cha zochitika zosakhalitsa zouma, dongosololi likufuna kukweza.

M'malo modalira zinthu zina zomwe zingasinthe, maofesi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofunikira kwambiri yochitira zinthu kutengera kuchuluka kwa kulephera ndi kufunika kwa katundu:

1. Kuthandizira Koyamba (Mtengo Wotsika / Mphamvu Yokwera):Gwiritsani ntchito active power monitoring kuti mugwetse injini yokha panthawi ya kutayika kwa prime, ndikuwunikanso njira zoyendetsera mpweya.
2. Chithandizo Chachiwiri (Mtengo Wapakati):Sinthani mapulani oyeretsera (monga, Ndondomeko 32) kuti muwonetsetse kuti mafuta akunja akupitilizabe, kapena sinthani kuzinthu zapamwamba monga silicon carbide yokutidwa ndi diamondi kuti mukhale ndi moyo kwa nthawi yochepa.
3. Kulowererapo Kachitatu (Mtengo Wokwera / Chitetezo Chapamwamba):Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri kapena zoopsa, sinthani ma seal amodzi ndi ma seal awiri a cartridge okhala ndi pressurized (Plan 53A/B kapena 54) kuti mulekanitse kwathunthu sealing interface kuchokera ku process fluid anomalies.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Pewani kuuma kwa madzi potsimikizira kuti chivundikiro cha pampu ndi chipinda chosindikizira zili ndi mpweya wokwanira musanayambe kugwira ntchito.
• Musagwiritse ntchito pampu ya centrifugal yokhala ndi valavu yotsekera yotsekera, chifukwa chipinda chotsekeracho chingataye mafuta mkati mwa masekondi kapena mphindi.
• Chitani kuti cavitation, NPSHa yochepa, kupopera kwa vortex, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kutali ndi BEP ngati zoopsa zodalirika zomwe zingayambitse seal dry running.
• Konzani zoti zinthu ziwonongeke nthawi yopuma ngati zochitika zofunika kwambiri pa bizinesi, popeza ndalama zokonzera mwachindunji zimatha kufika $3,000 mpaka $10,000 nthawi yopuma kapena ndalama zowononga zachilengedwe zisanaphatikizidwe.
• Sankhani zipangizo zomangira ndi mapangidwe ake kutengera momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, chifukwa zomangira zamadzimadzi zolumikizirana, zomangira zachitsulo, ndi zomangira zopangidwa ndi makina owuma zimakhala ndi zolekerera zosiyanasiyana zowononga.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi kuthamanga kouma kumatanthauza chiyani pa chisindikizo cha makina?

Kuuma kwa madzi kumachitika pamene filimu yamadzimadzi opaka mafuta ya 1-3 micron pakati pa nkhope zozungulira ndi zosasunthika zatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhope zigwirizane mwachindunji, kutentha kuchuluke mofulumira, komanso kuwonongeka mwachangu.

Kodi kuuma kwa madzi kungawononge bwanji chisindikizo cha pampu?

Kuuma kwambiri kumatha kuwononga chisindikizo cha makina cholumikizira madzi mumasekondi mpaka mphindi, makamaka pamene chivundikiro cha pampu sichinatuluke mpweya kapena valavu yoyamwa yatsekedwa.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kuuma kwa madzi?

Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi monga kuyambitsa pampu yopanda mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yotsekera, NPSHa yosakwanira, kutsekeka kwa cavitation, kusuntha kwa thanki yokoka mpweya, komanso kuyendetsa pampu kutali ndi malo ake abwino kwambiri ogwirira ntchito.

Kodi chisindikizo cha makina chingapulumuke kwakanthawi kouma panthawi yoyambira?

Zisindikizo zambiri zolumikizana zimatha kupirira mafuta owonjezera malire kwakanthawi panthawi yoyambira kapena kuzimitsa, koma kuyenda kouma kosalekeza kumapitirira malire a kapangidwe kake ndipo kungayambitse kusweka kwa kutentha, kupotoka kwa nkhope, ndi kutuluka kwa madzi.

Kodi kulephera kwa chisindikizo chouma kungawononge ndalama zingati?

Kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha pampu ya centrifugal nthawi zambiri kumawononga ndalama zokwana $3,000 mpaka $10,000 pakukonza mwachindunji, ntchito, zida, ndi kuyeretsa, pomwe nthawi yogwira ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida zina kungakuwonongereni ndalama zambiri.