Ndi Chisindikizo Chanji Chamakina Chotentha Kwambiri Chomwe Chimakhala Kwanthawi Yaitali?

Chiyambi

Mu ntchito yotentha kwambiri, nthawi ya moyo wa chisindikizo cha makina imadalira zambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake kapena malire a kutentha kwambiri. Kulimba kwenikweni kumachokera ku momwe kapangidwe ka chisindikizo kamagwirira ntchito kusokoneza kutentha, mafuta odzola nkhope, kusintha kwa kuthamanga, ndi mikhalidwe yothandizira pakapita nthawi. Nkhaniyi ikuyerekeza mitundu ya chisindikizo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamwamba pa 200°C, ikufotokoza chifukwa chake zina zimalephera msanga ngakhale zikuwoneka zoyenera papepala, ndipo ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe omwe amakhudza kwambiri moyo wogwirira ntchito. Pomaliza, owerenga adzakhala ndi maziko omveka bwino owunikira chisindikizo cha makina chomwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali pakugwiritsa ntchito pampu ndi njira zovuta.

Chifukwa Chake Moyo wa Utumiki wa Chisindikizo Ndi Wofunika Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zotentha Kwambiri

Zisindikizo zamakina zogwirira ntchitoM'malo otentha opitilira 200°C (392°F) kumabweretsa mavuto akulu okhudzana ndi kutentha ndi zitsulo. Mu ntchito zotentha kwambiri izi, kudziwa kapangidwe ka chisindikizo komwe kamapereka moyo wautali kumafuna kuwunika momwe chisindikizocho chimakhalira ndi kutentha komanso momwe makina ozungulira amagwirira ntchito. Chisindikizo chomwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali sichimangokhala chinthu cholimba; ndi maziko a ntchito yopitilira komanso yotetezeka ya chomera.

Zotsatira za kutsekedwa, kutayikira, ndi kukonza

Zotsatira zachuma komanso zogwirira ntchito za kulephera kwa chisindikizo msanga m'makina otentha kwambiri ndi zazikulu. Kuphulika kwa chisindikizo kamodzi koopsa mupampu yamadzimadzi otenthaZingayambitse kutsekedwa kwa mafakitale nthawi yomweyo, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mafuta nthawi zambiri imapitirira $50,000 pa ola limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutayikira kwa kutentha kwambiri kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo ndi chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kuyatsa kokha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zosasunthika (VOCs) ndi kuphwanya malamulo okhwima okhudza kutulutsa mpweya woipa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuti kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kukhale pansi pa magawo 500 pa miliyoni (ppm). Nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito imachepetsa mwachindunji zoopsa zosavomerezeka zachuma komanso zachilengedwe.

Mapulogalamu omwe moyo wa chisindikizo umayendetsa kusankha

Kufunika kwa nthawi yayitali yotseka chisindikizo kumaonekera kwambiri m'mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito mosalekeza. Mapampu amadzi ophikira boiler, omwe amagwira ntchito kutentha mpaka 250°C (482°F) ndi kupsinjika kopitilira 150 bar, amafunikira ma seal omwe amatha kupirira kusintha kwachangu kwa gawo ndi kunyezimira kwa madzi. Mofananamo, mapampu otumizira kutentha (HTF) omwe amayendetsa mafuta opangidwa pa 350°C mpaka 400°C (662°F mpaka 752°F) amafunanjira zapadera zotsekerazomwe zimalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Mu vacuum distillation bottoms ndi ma coking unit ochedwa, komwe ma hydrocarbon olemera amaphikidwa kukhala zinthu zolimba, kuthekera kwa makina osindikizira kupulumuka kutentha kwambiri popanda kutsekeka kumakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zida zisankhidwe.

Chimene Chimatsimikiza Moyo wa Chisindikizo cha Makina pa Kutentha Kwambiri

Kukhalitsa kwa chisindikizo cha makina pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kumatengera kuthekera kwake kusunga filimu yokhazikika yamadzimadzi, kukana kupotoka kwakukulu kwa kutentha, komanso kulola kukula kwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana kwa zigawo zake zamkati. Kutentha kukakwera, kukhuthala kwa madzi kumatsika, kukankhira nkhope za chisindikizo pafupi ndi mafuta owonjezera ndi kutha msanga.

Zinthu zomangira chisindikizo

Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka chisindikizocho ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kotentha kwambiri. Zisindikizo zopukutira, zomwe zimadalira mphete za O-dynamic kuti zipititse patsogolo nkhope ya chisindikizocho pamene chikutha, zimakhala zosavuta "kupachikidwa" pamene ma elastomer akuwonongeka kapena pamene ma coke amadzimadzi akuphwanyidwa pa shaft. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zisindikizo zachitsulo zopukutira zitsulo zosasunthika zimaonedwa kuti ndi muyezo wa mafakitale pa kutentha kopitirira 260°C (500°F). Pochotsa elastomer yachiwiri yosinthasintha, zisindikizo zopukutira zimasunga mawonekedwe okhazikika ndikulola kukula kwa shaft popanda chiopsezo cha carbonization ya O-ring.

Zipangizo zogwirira nkhope, zisindikizo zina, ndi zitsulo

Kusankha zinthu zofunika n'kofunika kwambirikuti kutentha kukhale kokhazikika. Pa nkhope zomatira, sintered silicon carbide (SiC) imapereka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha kwa chilengedwe mpaka 1,400°C, ngakhale kuti imatha kugwedezeka ndi kutentha. Tungsten carbide yolumikizidwa ndi carbon graphite yapadera yolimbana ndi ma blister nthawi zambiri imakondedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otentha kwambiri. Pa zisindikizo zachiwiri, perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) imafika pamlingo wawo wokwanira wotenthetsera pafupi ndi 327°C (620°F). Kupitirira malire awa, ma wedge osinthasintha a graphite kapena Grafoil packing—okhoza kupirira kutentha mpaka 450°C (842°F) m'malo ophikira ndi kutentha kopitilira 1,000°C m'mlengalenga wopanda mpweya—ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Metallurgy ya bellows nthawi zambiri imafuna ma alloys okhala ndi nickel yambiri monga Alloy 718 kapena Hastelloy C-276 kuti apewe kutentha kwambiri ndikusunga ma spring olondola.

Njira zodziwika bwino zolephera kutentha

Kutentha kumayambitsa njira zinazake zolephera zomwe zimafupikitsa kwambiri moyo wa seal. Kusokonekera kwa kutentha, monga kuyika ma conne kapena camming, kumasintha kusiyana kwa microscopic pakati pa nkhope za seal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutuluka kwambiri kapena kuthamanga kouma. Kuphika kumachitika pamene ma hydrocarbons amawonongeka pa nkhope za seal zotentha, ndikupanga mipata ya carbon yomwe imawononga kusalala kwa nkhope. Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsa kwa elastomer ndi kuyang'anira kutentha (kusweka pang'ono kwa nkhope zolimba chifukwa cha kutentha kwachangu) kumabweretsa zoposa 40% ya kulephera msanga kwa njira zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosalekeza pamwamba pa 200°C.

Momwe Mungayerekezere Zisindikizo Zamakina Zotentha Kwambiri

Kuyerekeza zisindikizo zotentha kwambiri kumafuna njira yowunikira, kuwunika malire a magwiridwe antchito komanso momwe chuma chimakhudzira nthawi yayitali m'malo mongodalira kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumasindikizidwa pa pepala lofotokozera.

Zofunikira pakuchita bwino

Mainjiniya ayenera kuwunika malire a kuthamanga kwa mphamvu (PV), zomwe zimatsimikizira mphamvu ya chisindikizocho yolimbana ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa pamalo olumikizirana. Zisindikizo zotentha kwambiri ziyenera kuthandizira bwino ma PV opitilira 50,000 psi-ft/min (17.5 MPa-m/s) popanda kuwunikira filimu yamadzimadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kulekerera nkhope kukhala yosalala kuyenera kusungidwa mosamala pansi pa kutentha, nthawi zambiri kumafuna kutsimikizika kwa kuwala kwa mikanda iwiri mpaka itatu ya helium (pafupifupi 0.58 mpaka 0.87 microns) kuti zitsimikizire kufalikira kwa katundu wofanana ndikuletsa kuwunika kutentha komwe kulipo.

Tebulo loyerekeza la kuwunika chisindikizo

Gome lotsatirali likusiyanitsa mawonekedwe awiri akuluakulu a zisindikizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kuwonetsa chifukwa chake mapangidwe enaake amakhalabe okhazikika kuposa ena pa kutentha kwambiri.

Mtengo wa moyo ndi MTBF

Ngakhale kuti chisindikizo chachitsulo cholumikizidwa m'mphepete chingakhale ndi mtengo wokwera ndi 150% mpaka 200% poyerekeza ndi chisindikizo chokhazikika, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zimakonda kwambiri kapangidwe kake ka kutentha kwambiri. Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) ndiye muyeso wofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wautali.pompu yamafuta otenthaKusindikiza kwapadera kwa bellows kumatha kuwonjezera MTBF kuchoka pa miyezi 8 yosavomerezeka kufika pa miyezi yoposa 48. Mukaphatikiza ntchito yobereka, zida zosinthira, komanso kupewa nthawi yopuma, mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO) m'zaka zisanu nthawi zambiri umachepetsedwa ndi 40% kapena kuposerapo.

Momwe Mungayesere ndikusankha Chisindikizo Choyenera

Kutsimikizira chisindikizo cha makina ngati kutentha kwakukulu kukufunika njira zoyesera zolimba komanso njira yosagonja yotsimikizira khalidwe ndi zikalata chisindikizocho chisanafike pansi pa fakitale.

Njira zosankhira kuti mupewe kulephera msanga

Kusankha chisindikizo choyenera kumaphatikizapo kutsatira kwambiri miyezo yamakampani, makamaka API 682 ya magawo amafuta, gasi, ndi petrochemical. Gawo lofunika kwambiri popewa kulephera msanga ndikusankha dongosolo loyenera la mapaipi. Nthawi zambiri, chisindikizo sichingapulumuke kutentha kwambiri mwachindunji. Kugwiritsa ntchito API Plan 23, yomwe imazunguliranso madzi kudzera mu choziziritsira cha seal, kapena API Plan 53B barrier fluid system, kungachepetse kutentha kwa chipinda cha seal kuchoka pa 350°C kufika pa 150°C yotheka. Kuwunika zofunikira pakutaya kutentha kwa dongosolo la flush ndikofunikira mofanana ndi kusankha chisindikizo chenicheni.

Ubwino wopanga ndi kutsata zinthu

Kulekerera kupanga kwa zisindikizo zotentha kwambiri sikusiya malo olakwika. Kulimba kwa weld pa bellows zachitsulo ndikofunikira kwambiri; opanga ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito weld yeniyeni ya micro-plasma ndikuchita mayeso otulutsa helium mass spectrometry mpaka 1 × 10^-8 atm cc/sec kuti atsimikizire kuti bellows sizingasweke pakagwa kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsata zinthu ndikofunikira, chifukwa kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala a bellows alloy kamalamulira mwachindunji nthawi yake yotopa kwambiri komanso kusunga kwake masika.

Zofunikira pakutsatira malamulo ndi zolemba

Zolemba zotsatizana ndi malamulo zimapereka umboni wa ubwino wofunikira pa zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri. Mainjiniya ayenera kufunikira malipoti oyesera zinthu a EN 10204 Type 3.1 (MTRs) pazigawo zonse zachitsulo zomwe zimasunga kupanikizika komanso mphamvu. Mu ntchito zomwe kutentha kwakukulu kumaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya wowawasa kapena zinthu zowononga, kutsatira mosamalitsa NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusweka kwa sulfide muzinthu zachitsulo za seal pa kutentha kwakukulu.

Momwe Mungasankhire pa Mikhalidwe Yosiyanasiyana Yogwirira Ntchito

Pomaliza, chisindikizo cha makina chomwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi chomwe chikugwirizana bwino ndi mphamvu za thermodynamic za madzi a processing ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito za zida zopopera.

Malangizo osankha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kutentha

Makhalidwe a madzimadzi ndi omwe amatsogolera njira yotsekera kutentha. Madzi otentha kwambiri (chakudya cha boiler) ali ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatuluka nthawi yomweyo mphamvu ikatsika, zomwe zimafuna njira zapadera zoziziritsira kutentha kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta otentha amapereka mafuta abwino koma nthawi zambiri amaphika ndi kuuma akakhala mumlengalenga.

Ndondomeko ya zisankho za chisankho chomaliza

Chigamulo chomaliza chiyenera kupanga kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi kugwirizana kwa mankhwala. Mainjiniya ayenera kuwerengera kusiyana kwa ma coefficients okulitsa kutentha pakati pa chivundikiro cha pampu, shaft, ndi seal gland. Ngati zigawozi zikukulirakulira pamlingo wosiyana kwambiri panthawi yoyambira, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa extrusion komwe kumapitirira 0.15 mm kungapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti seal iphulike nthawi yomweyo mosasamala kanthu za kutentha kwa mkati mwa seal. Mwa kuyika ma bellows achitsulo osakhazikika ndi ma graphite secondary seals pa kutentha kopitilira 260°C, ndikuwathandiza ndi mapulani olimba a API ozizira, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukwaniritsa moyo wautumiki wazaka zambiri m'magwiritsidwe ntchito otentha kwambiri.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri ndi zifukwa zake Ndi Chisindikizo Chanji Chamakina Chotentha Kwambiri Chimene Chimakhala Kwanthawi Yaitali?
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Ndi chisindikizo chiti cha makina chotentha kwambiri chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa 260°C?

Chisindikizo chachitsulo cholumikizidwa m'mphepete nthawi zambiri chimakhala nthawi yayitali chifukwa chimapewa kutsekeka kwa elastomer komanso chimatha kupirira bwino kukula ndi kutentha kwa shaft.

Nchifukwa chiyani ma pusher seal amalephera msanga mu ntchito ya hot pump?

Mphete zawo za O-mphamvu zimatha kuuma, kupangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale woipa, kapena kumamatira pa shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhope isayende bwino, kutayikira madzi, komanso kuwonongeka mwachangu chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kosalekeza.

Ndi zinthu ziti za nkhope zomwe zili bwino kuti zisindikizidwe kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri?

Zosankha zomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi silicon carbide yosamutsa kutentha ndi tungsten carbide yokhala ndi carbon yosagonjetseka pa ntchito zotentha za petroleum ndi hydrocarbon.

Kodi Victor Seals ingapereke zinthu zina zosinthira kutentha kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi OEM?

Inde. Victor Seals imapereka zisindikizo zamakina zogwirizana ndi OEM komanso zosinthira zamakampani monga IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, ndi Allweiler.

Kodi magulu okonza zinthu angatani kuti awonjezere nthawi yogwira ntchito yosindikiza pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu otentha kwambiri?

Tsimikizirani momwe dongosolo la kutsuka limagwirira ntchito, pewani kuthamanga kouma, chepetsani kutentha, gwirizanitsani zinthu ndi madzi ndi kutentha, ndipo sinthani zomatira musanawononge nkhope.