Kodi Muyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chisindikizo Chachitsulo Cha Bellow Mechanical Liti?

Nthawi Yosankha Chisindikizo cha Mechanical cha Bellows cha Chitsulo

Zisindikizo zamakina zachitsulo zozungulira zimayimira njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira zida zozungulira zomwe zimagwira ntchito kunja kwa magawo wamba a zisindikizo zachikhalidwe zochokera ku elastomer. Mwa kusintha chisindikizo chachiwiri chosinthasintha ndi ma springi angapo a coil ndi maziko achitsulo olumikizidwa, zisindikizo izi zimapereka mphamvu yofunikira ya kasupe wonyamula nkhope komanso malire otsekera achiwiri ozungulira. Kapangidwe kapadera aka kamasintha kwambiri malire ogwirira ntchito a pampu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pampu izigwira ntchito mosalekeza m'malo omwe angawononge mwachangu njira zotsekera zozungulira.

Kutentha, Kupanikizika, ndi Liwiro la Shaft

Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amasinthira ku zitsulo zozungulira pamene magawo a ntchito apitirira malire otetezeka ogwirira ntchito a mphete zokhazikika za O. Chisindikizo chachitsulo chozungulira cholumikizidwa ndi single-ply chimatha kugwira bwino ntchito kutentha kuyambira -75°C mpaka 400°C (-100°F mpaka 750°F), chomwe chimaposa kwambiri malire a kutentha a Viton kapena Kalrez elastomers a 150°C mpaka 200°C. Mu ntchito za cryogenic zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi mpweya wosungunuka, kapangidwe kachitsulo kamasunga kusinthasintha kwake komwe mphira ingasweke ndikusweka.

Mphamvu ya kuthamanga ndi yolimba mofanana. Ngakhale kuti ma bellows okhazikika olumikizidwa m'mphepete amagwira ntchito modalirika mpaka 20 bar (290 psi), ma bellows apadera okhala ndi ma multi-ply kapena hydroformed amatha kupirira kupsinjika kopitilira 69 bar (1,000 psi). Kuphatikiza apo, zisindikizo izi zimasunga kutsata kokhazikika kwa nkhope pa liwiro la shaft pamwamba mpaka mamita 25 pa sekondi (5,000 feet pa mphindi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri.mapampu a centrifugal othamanga kwambirimu zovutanjira zamafakitale.

Kugwirizana kwa Mankhwala, Zolimba, ndi Ukhondo

Kapangidwe kake ka chisindikizo chachiwiri mu kapangidwe ka bellows kamathetsa vuto la elastomer hang-up—njira yoyambira yolephera mu pusher seals komwe O-ring imamatira ku shaft chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kapena kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika pamalopo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti bellows zachitsulo zikhale zoyenera kwambiri pamadzimadzi okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ma acid amphamvu, zosungunulira, ndi njira zoyambitsa matenda zomwe zimaukira mankhwala achilengedwe.

Pogwira ntchito ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi kulemera kwa 10%, mapangidwe a bellows ozungulira amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti nthawi zonse titaye tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera ku convolutions, zomwe zimateteza kuti tisatseke. Komabe, ukhondo wokwanira panthawi yoyambira ya dongosolo umafunika. Zinyalala zilizonse zolimba zachitsulo kapena sikelo ya chitoliro zomwe zatsekedwa pakati pa timapepala ta bellows tomwe tili pakati pa nthawi yoyambira zitha kuletsa kuyenda kwa axial, kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwa malo, komanso kuyambitsa kutopa msanga.

Momwe Chisindikizo cha Mechanical cha Bellows Chimagwirira Ntchito

Kapangidwe ka chisindikizo chachitsulo cha bellows kamasintha kwambiri momwe kukweza nkhope ndi kulinganiza kwa hydraulic zimachitikira mu bokosi lodzaza pampu. Mosiyana ndi zisindikizo zopukutira zomwe zimadalira ma springs a coil osiyana, chipangizo chopukutira chopitilira chimagawa katundu wa masika mofanana pa madigiri 360 a nkhope ya chisindikizo, ndikukonza filimu yamadzimadzi pakati pa zigawo zozungulira ndi zosasuntha.

Kugwira Ntchito Poyerekeza ndi Zisindikizo za Pusher

Kuyika kofanana kumeneku kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikika kwa nkhope za chisindikizo pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya hydraulic. Kuchotsa elastomer yotsetsereka ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuyesa magwiridwe antchito.

Mwa kuchotsa mphete ya O-dynamic, chisindikizo cha bellows chimachotsa ma shaft fretting. Ma fretting amachitika pamene ma micro-movement a elastomer achotsa chivundikiro cha pampu pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma shaft asinthidwe ndi njira zotayira madzi zomwe zimadutsa pansi pa chisindikizocho.

Kutaya, Mphamvu, ndi Kudalirika

Kulinganiza kwa hydraulic ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga ma bellow achitsulo olumikizidwa m'mphepete, omwe amapezeka poika kukula koyenera kwa ma bellow poyerekeza ndi nkhope yotsekera. Chiŵerengero cholinganiza bwino ichi (chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa pakati pa 0.65 ndi 0.80) chimachepetsa kupanga kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa kukangana, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa madzi kufika pamlingo wosawoneka bwino pansi pa ntchito yanthawi zonse yokhazikika.

Kutumiza kwa torque kumayendetsedwa mwachindunji kudzera pakati pa bellows kapena kudzera mu ma drive lugs apadera mu ntchito zopanikizika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti torque yoyambira siyikupotoza ndikudula mapepala achitsulo. Mu ntchito zoyeretsera kutentha kwambiri, kusintha chisindikizo chopukusira chomwe chalephera ndi chisindikizo chachitsulo chodziwika bwino nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) kuchokera ku miyezi 8 mpaka 12 yoyipa kwambiri mpaka miyezi yoposa 36, ​​zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zonse zikhale zodalirika kwambiri.

Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito Yomwe Imatsimikizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwake

Kusankha chisindikizo chachitsulo choteteza madzi si njira yokhazikika yogwiritsira ntchito madzi abwino chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera poyamba. M'malo mwake, ndi njira yosinthira zinthu mwanzeru yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene malo enaake ogwirira ntchito oipa apangitsa kuti zisindikizo zotsekera madzi zisagwire ntchito bwino pamakina kapena mankhwala.

Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kotsika, Vacuum, ndi Mafuta Oipa

Kutentha kwambiri ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe a bellows. Mu ntchito za cryogenic zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kapena LNG pa kutentha mpaka -196°C (-320°F), ma elastomer amalephera nthawi yomweyo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mu makina otumizira kutentha kapena pansi pa mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito mosalekeza pa 350°C mpaka 425°C, ma elastomer achilengedwe amasungunuka kapena kusungunuka ndi kaboni. Ma bellow achitsulo amasunga liwiro lawo lenileni la makina komanso kutseka bwino pa kutentha konseku.

Kuphatikiza apo, mu ntchito zotulutsira mpweya zomwe zimakoka mpaka 0.1 bar absolute, kapena machitidwe omwe ali ndi vuto louma komanso mafuta osakwanira, kudzaza bwino nkhope ya bellows kumathandiza kusunga filimu yofunika kwambiri yamadzimadzi. Izi zimaletsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nkhope ndi ming'alu ya kutentha yomwe imachitika nthawi zambiri pamene chosindikizira chopukusira mafuta chitaya chotchinga chake chopaka mafuta.

Madzi Owononga, Kuopsa kwa Kuphika, ndi Kuyenda kwa Shaft

Madzi omwe amapangidwa ndi polymer kapena coke akakumana ndi kutentha kwa mlengalenga—monga ma hydrocarbon olemera, asphalt, ndi mafuta osakonzedwa—amayambitsa zoopsa zazikulu ku ma seal okhazikika. Madzi awa akamatuluka pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa ma seal ndi kuzizira, amapanga ma carbon deposits olimba. Mu seal yokakamiza, coking iyi imaletsa kuyenda kwa O-ring, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti seal ilephereke nthawi yomweyo. Seal yachitsulo yokhala ndi ma elastomer ena otsetsereka, imapitirizabe kutsatira nkhope ya seal ngakhale coking yocheperako ikuchitika kumbali ya mlengalenga.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma bellow amatha kulola kuyenda kwakukulu kwa axial shaft—nthawi zambiri mpaka +/- 2.0 mm—komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa shaft ya pampu mu ntchito zotentha kwambiri. Imayamwa kusinthaku kudzera mukupindika kwa ma convolutions olumikizidwa popanda kusokoneza mpata wotsekera kapena kupangitsa kuti shaft ivunde.

Malire, Njira Zolephera, ndi Zosinthana

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zolimba, zisindikizo zachitsulo zimakhala ndi malire osiyana ogwirira ntchito komanso kusinthana. Njira yoyamba yolephera ndiyo kumeta torsional; ngati chisindikizocho chikugwirizana chifukwa cha crystallization ya chinthu panthawi yotseka pampu, mphamvu yozungulira ikayamba kugwira ntchito imatha kung'amba nthawi yomweyo zitseko zolumikizidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapepala opyapyala achitsulo (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe a 0.10 mm mpaka 0.15 mm) amakhala osavuta kutopa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa zida. Kugwedezeka kopitilira 4.5 mm/s RMS kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwa harmonic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusweka kwa weld kusweke mwachangu. Pomaliza, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndalama zambiri zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, ndipo ma seal achitsulo olumikizidwa m'mphepete nthawi zambiri amafuna mtengo wapamwamba wa 1.5x mpaka 3.0x kuposa ma seal wamba opukutira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chifukwa chobwezera ndalama kutengera nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito.

Momwe Mungatchulire ndi Kukhazikitsa Chisindikizo cha Mechanical cha Metal Bellows

Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa chisindikizo chamakina chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kumadalira kwambiri kufotokozedwa bwino kwa zipangizo ndi njira zokhazikika zoyikira. Chifukwa chakuti zisindikizo izi zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito molimbika, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo molakwika kapena kusalinganika bwino kwa makina kudzachepetsa kwambiri ubwino wawo wogwirira ntchito.

Zachitsulo, Zipangizo za Nkhope, ndi Kapangidwe ka Chisindikizo

Chitsulo cha pakati pa bellows chiyenera kugwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi madzi opangidwa. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha AM350 ndiye muyezo wa ntchito zotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukana kutopa. Pamalo omwe amawononga kwambiri okhala ndi ma chloride kapena mpweya wowawasa (H2S), mainjiniya amasinthira ku Alloy C-276 (Hastelloy) kapena Alloy 718 (Inconel), zomwe zimapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri ku ming'alu ya dzimbiri ndi maenje.

Kuphatikiza kwa nkhope ya seal nthawi zambiri kumaphatikiza mphete yosasuntha ya Silicon Carbide (SiC) motsutsana ndi mphete ya Carbon Graphite yozungulira yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kuti ikhale yofewa bwino. Komabe, ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri zingafunike kuphatikiza zolimba monga SiC motsutsana ndi Tungsten Carbide (TC). Makonzedwe ake amalamulidwa ndi miyezo ya API 682, ndi Arrangement 1 (single seal) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakumwa zotentha kwambiri, ndi Arrangement 2 kapena 3 (dual unpressurized or pressurized seals) yomwe imalamulidwa pa zinthu zoopsa kapena zosinthasintha zachilengedwe (VOCs).

Kukhazikitsa, Kugwirizanitsa, Kuyambitsa, ndi Kuwunika

Mapangidwe a chisindikizo cha katirijiZakhala muyezo wamakampani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bellows, faces, ndi gland plate zikhale chimodzi, chomwe chimayikidwa kale chomwe chimachotsa kufunikira kwa kuyeza kwa pamanja pa pump shaft. Pakuyika, kuthamanga kwa pump shaft kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa mosamalitsa; total indicator reading (TIR) ​​siyenera kupitirira 0.05 mm (0.002 mainchesi) kuti tipewe kupindika kwakukulu komanso kosagwirizana kwa bellows convolutions.

Njira zoyambira kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri zimafuna kuti pakhale gawo lowongolera kutentha, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito API Plan 32 external flush kapena API Plan 62 steam quench. Chipinda chopopera ndi chipinda chosindikizira ziyenera kutenthedwa pamlingo wapamwamba wa 50°C pa ola limodzi kuti zisawotchedwe ndi kutentha kwa nkhope za silicon carbide zomwe sizili bwino. Kuyang'anira kutentha kwa flush ndi kuthamanga kwa chipinda chosindikizira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti madziwo akhalebe osachepera 15°C pansi pa kuthamanga kwa nthunzi yake, kupewa kung'anima ndi kuuma pankhope za chosindikizira.

Ndondomeko Yosankha Chisindikizo

Kusintha kukhala chisindikizo cha makina chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kumafuna kuwunika koyenera kwa momwe zinthu zilili, mbiri ya kulephera, ndi ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo. Ndondomeko yokhazikika yosankha imalolamainjiniya odalirika a zomerakulungamitsa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mtengo woyamba wogulira poyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mndandanda wa Ntchito

Matrix yotsatirayi imagwira ntchito ngati mndandanda woyambira wogwiritsira ntchito kuti mudziwe ngati chisindikizo chachitsulo cha bellows ndiye njira yofunikira yaukadaulo pamakina opopera.

Ngati mfundo imodzi yokha yomwe ili mu mndandandawu yakwaniritsidwa, zoletsa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chisindikizo chokhazikika cha pusher zitha kupangitsa kuti chisagwire ntchito msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a bellows akhale chisankho chabwino paukadaulo komanso pazachuma.

Chiwopsezo, Kutsatira Malamulo, Nthawi Yogwira Ntchito, ndi Mtengo Wosintha

Kupatula zofunikira zaukadaulo, chisankhochi chiyenera kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa zoopsa, kutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe, komanso nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito yobzala. M'madera omwe akulamulidwa ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza zachilengedwe, zisindikizo zachitsulo zokhala ndi waya wolumikizidwa m'mphepete zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa mpweya woipa, ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kwa volatile organic compound (VOC) pansi pa malire okhwima a 500 ppm omwe afotokozedwa ndi EPA ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi.

Ngakhale mtengo woyambira wa katiriji ya bellows ukhoza kuyambira $2,500 mpaka $8,000 kutengera kukula kwa zitsulo ndi shaft, kusanthula kwachuma kuyenera kuganizira mtengo wa nthawi yopuma yomwe singagwire ntchito. Mu mafakitale opitilira monga kuyeretsa mafuta kapenakukonza mafuta, kulephera kwa pampu kamodzi kokha kungayambitse kulephera kupanga zinthu zopitirira $10,000 pa ola limodzi. Mwa kuchotsa kuwonongeka kwa elastomer, kupewa kufalikira kwa shaft, ndi kupulumuka kutentha, chisindikizo chachitsulo chachitsulo chimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa pampu. Pomaliza, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo oyenera ogwirira ntchito kwambiri, mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO) wa chisindikizo chachitsulo chachitsulo umakhala wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa chisindikizo chopukusira pa moyo wa zaka zisanu.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri ndi zifukwa zomveka za Chisindikizo cha Mechanical Bellow cha Metal Bellow
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndiyenera kusankha liti chisindikizo cha makina chopangidwa ndi chitsulo?

Gwiritsani ntchito pamene mapampu akukumana ndi kutentha kwambiri, mankhwala amphamvu, liwiro lalikulu la shaft, kapena pamene mphete za elastomer O-rings zalephera chifukwa chotseka kapena kukwiya.

Kodi chisindikizo cha makina chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kotani?

Mapangidwe anthawi zonse opangidwa ndi chitsulo chimodzi amatha kutentha pafupifupi -75°C mpaka 400°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zotentha kwambiri komanso zotentha kwambiri.

Kodi zisindikizo zachitsulo zimakhala bwino pa mapampu a mankhwala ndi zosungunulira?

Inde. Chisindikizo chawo chachiwiri chachitsulo chosasinthika chimapewa kuukira kwa elastomer, kotero chimagwira ntchito bwino mu ma acid, zosungunulira, ndi ntchito zoyambitsa matenda.

Kodi zisindikizo zamakina zozungulira zitsulo zingayende mu slurry kapena zinthu zolimba?

Inde, makamaka mapangidwe ozungulira a bellows a media okhala ndi zinthu zolimba mpaka 10%, koma kutsuka koyambira kuyenera kuchotsa zinyalala zachitsulo ndi sikelo ya mapaipi.

Kodi Victor Seals angapereke zisindikizo zachitsulo zosinthira za mitundu ya mapampu a OEM?

Inde. Victor Seals imapereka zomatira zogwirizana ndi OEM komanso zolowa m'malo mwa zomatira za makampani monga IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, ndi Allweiler.