Chisindikizo cha Bellow cha Metal Bellow kapena Elastomer Bellow: Momwe Mungasankhire

Chiyambi

Kusankha pakati pa chisindikizo chachitsulo ndi chisindikizo cha elastomer kumakhudza zambiri kuposa kukwanira kapena mtengo: kumatsimikiza momwe pampu imagwirira ntchito bwino kutentha, kuukira kwa mankhwala, kuyenda kwa shaft, ndi nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kusiyana koyenera pakati pa mapangidwe awiriwa, poyang'ana kwambiri komwe chisindikizo chachitsulo chimapereka zabwino zomveka bwino pochotsa malo olephera okhudzana ndi elastomer. Mudzaphunzira momwe magwiridwe antchito amakhudzira njira iliyonse, kusinthana kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe mungayembekezere, komanso momwe mungayesere kudalirika, zosowa zosamalira, ndi mtengo wa moyo musanasankhe.

Momwe Mungayesere Chisindikizo cha Mechanical cha Metal Bellows

Kusankha ukadaulo woyenera wotsekera ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri chaukadaulo chomwe chimatsimikizira kudalirika, chitetezo, ndi nthawi zosamalira zida zozungulira mafakitale. Pakati pa chisankhochi pali kusankha pakati pa zisindikizo zachikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi elastomer ndichisindikizo cha makina chachitsulo cholimbaNgakhale kuti ma elastomer amagwira ntchito mokwanira m'magwiritsidwe ntchito wamba, malo ovuta a mafakitale amafuna yankho lolimba kwambiri.

Chisindikizo chachitsulo chozungulira chimalowa m'malo mwa chinthu chozungulira chozungulira—nthawi zambiri chomwe chimakhala mphete ya elastomer O—ndi chitsulo chosasunthika komanso chosinthasintha. Kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku pakupanga kumachotsa zofooka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa elastomer, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wapadera pamakina pazinthu zinazake zogwirira ntchito zamadzimadzi.

Chifukwa chiyani kusankha kumakhudza kudalirika ndi mtengo wa moyo wonse

Kugwirizana pakati pakusankha chisindikizo chamakinandipo kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chomera sikunganyalanyazidwe. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, kulephera kwa makina osindikizira kumachititsa pafupifupi 70% ya nthawi yonse yomwe pampu sikugwira ntchito. Kusintha kukhala kapangidwe kachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizira zamagetsi kungasinthe kwambiri Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF).

Mwachitsanzo, mapampu a centrifugal omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo oyeretsera zinthu otentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri amaona kuti chisindikizo cha pusher MTBF chimayima pa miyezi 12 mpaka 18 chifukwa cha kuuma kwa elastomer. Posintha kukhala chisindikizo cha makina achitsulo chodziwika bwino, malo nthawi zambiri amawonjezera MTBF mpaka miyezi yoposa 36 mpaka 60. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyambira zogulira zitsulo zimakhala zokwera, mtengo wa moyo (LCC) umatsika kwambiri poganizira za kuchotsa kuzima kosakonzekera, kuchepa kwa ntchito yokonza, komanso kufunikira kwa kusintha shaft sleeve.

Momwe mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito imasinthira kusankha chisindikizo

Magawo ogwirira ntchito—makamaka kutentha, kulimba kwa mankhwala, ndi kukhuthala kwa madzi—ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisindikizo zisankhidwe. Ma fluoroelastomers okhazikika (FKM) kapena perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kapena kutulutsa pamene kutentha kosalekeza kogwira ntchito kumapitirira 200°C mpaka 260°C (392°F mpaka 500°F).

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zitsulo zokulungidwa m'mphepete zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera kwambiri zimatha kupirira kutentha kosalekeza kopitirira 400°C (750°F) popanda kutaya mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake kapena mphamvu ya kasupe. Kuphatikiza apo, mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito pamlingo wina imapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana; kugwiritsa ntchito cryogenic komwe kumagwira ntchito mpaka -75°C (-103°F) kumapangitsa kuti ma elastomer asweke ndikusweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zokulungidwa zikhale njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito popanga zinthu zokhazikika.

Zisindikizo za Mechanical Bellows vs Pusher

Kuti apange mfundo zomveka bwino, mainjiniya ayenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa makina pakati pa zomangira zopukutira ndi zomangira zachitsulo zosapukutira. Chomangira chopukutira chimagwiritsa ntchito elastomer yachiwiri yosinthasintha yomwe iyenera kusuntha, kapena "kukankha," pa shaft ya pampu kapena sleeve kuti igwirizane ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhope ya chomangira ndi kukulitsa kutentha. Chomangira chachitsulo chopukutira ndi kapangidwe kake kosapukutira.

Mu mawonekedwe osapunthira, chipangizo choyezera chokha chimatsekedwa mokhazikika ku shaft kapena sleeve, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu static O-ring kapena graphite wedge. Kusuntha konse kwa axial komwe kumafunika kuti nkhope igwirizane kumatengedwa ndi kupindika kwa zitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti elastomer isasunthike mozungulira.

Momwe kapangidwe kalikonse kamapangira kusinthasintha ndi kukweza nkhope

Mapangidwe a Pusher amadalira ma springi a coil amodzi kapena angapo kuti apereke mphamvu yofunikira yotsekera makina pankhope zotsekera. Pamene mphete ya O-ring yosinthasintha ikuyenda kuti isunge kunyamula kumeneku, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kusonkhana pa shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti elastomer ipachike. Kupachika kumeneku kumabweretsa kulekanitsidwa kwa nkhope ndi kutuluka nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyenda kosalekeza kwa mphete ya O-ring yosinthasintha motsutsana ndi pamwamba pa chitsulo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kukwiya kwakukulu kwa shaft.

Chisindikizo cha makina chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimathetsa mavutowa mwa kupereka mawonekedwe ofanana, ozungulira madigiri 360 mwachindunji kudzera mu convolutions zachitsulo. Chifukwa palibe kutsetsereka kwamphamvu kwa elastomer yachiwiri, shaft fretting imachotsedwa kwathunthu. Kufalikira kofanana kwa kuthamanga kwa masika kumachepetsanso kusokonekera kwa nkhope komwe kumachitika, ndikusunga mpata wotseka pansi pa kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu.

Ndi malire ati ogwirira ntchito omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri

Kumvetsetsa malire enieni ogwirira ntchito a mapangidwe onsewa ndikofunikira popewa kulephera kwamphamvu kwa pampu. Kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Masiponji otsekereza amatha kutsekeka mosavuta pamene kukhuthala kwa madzi kumapitirira 1,500 cSt kapena pamene zinthu zolimba zopachikidwa zimasonkhana m'matumba a masiponji.

Popeza kuti ma bellow achitsulo alibe matumba olimba a masika, amatha kupirira kukhuthala mpaka 3,000 cSt asanafunike kusintha mwapadera. Akakonzedwa ngati ma bellow ozungulira, mphamvu ya centrifugal imataya tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera ku convolutions, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidziyeretse zokha zomwe ma pusher seals sangathe kuzitsanzira.

Zofunikira Zoyerekeza Chisindikizo

Kuyerekeza mitundu ya zisindikizo kumafuna kuwunikanso bwino momwe zinthu zilili, momwe chuma chimakhudzira, komanso miyezo yotsatirira chilengedwe. Magulu a mainjiniya ayenera kuyeza mphamvu zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya zidazo yogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zooneka ngati bellow zimachita bwino kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yovuta, kusankha kwawo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo yokhwima, kuonetsetsa kuti ukadaulo ukugwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse za ndondomeko ndinjira zosamalira zomera.

Momwe mungayerekezere zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito

Kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito kumadalira kwambiri malire a kupanikizika ndi liwiro la shaft. Ma Pusher seal, makamaka omwe ali ndi mapangidwe oyenera, ndi aluso kwambiri pothana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa kuti ndi malo opitilira 100 bar (1,450 psi). Ma bellow achitsulo, ngakhale kuti ndi osinthasintha kwambiri, amakumana ndi zofooka za kapangidwe kake pankhani ya kupsinjika.

Ma bellows opangidwa ndi zitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zokwana pafupifupi mipiringidzo 20 (290 psi). Ma bellows achitsulo opangidwa ndi zitsulo zolumikizidwa bwino amatha kukulitsa malire awa mpaka mipiringidzo 69 (1,000 psi), koma amakhalabe omasuka kwambiri kuposa ma pusher seal olemera. Poyerekeza liwiro la shaft, ma bellows achitsulo apamwamba amatha kugwira ntchito bwino pa liwiro la pamwamba mpaka 25 m/s, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azipikisana kwambiri ndi miyeso ya API pump.

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pa mtengo ndi nthawi ya moyo

Kusanthula mtengo kuyenera kusintha kuchoka pa lingaliro la CapEx-only kupita ku chitsanzo cha mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO). Mtengo woyamba wogulira chisindikizo chachitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi m'mphepete nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera ndi 2.0x mpaka 3.0x kuposa chisindikizo chokhazikika cha elastomer pusher chifukwa cha zitsulo zovuta komanso kuwotcherera kolondola komwe kumafunika.

Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe mofulumira mtengo woyambawu. Mwa kuchotsa kufunika kosintha ma fretted pump shafts kapena ma protective sleeves—omwe angatenge ndalama zoposa $2,000 pa kukonzanso pa ma API pump akuluakulu—ndipo powonjezera MTBF ndi zaka zingapo, phindu la ndalama (ROI) pakusintha kwa bellows yachitsulo nthawi zambiri limapezeka mkati mwa miyezi 12 mpaka 18 yoyambirira yogwira ntchito.

Pamene zofunikira pakutsata malamulo zimakhudza kusankha

Malamulo okhudza chilengedwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posankha zisindikizo, makamaka pamagawo a mankhwala ndi petrochemicalMalo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa mpweya woipa, monga EPA Method 21, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafuna kuti kutayikira kwa zida kukhale pansi pa magawo 500 pa miliyoni (ppm) a mankhwala otupa achilengedwe (VOCs).

Zisindikizo zachitsulo zonyamula mpweya zimakondedwa kwambiri mu njira zotsatirira malamulo chifukwa zimachotsa mphete ya O-ring, yomwe ndi malo ofala kwambiri olephera kutulutsa mpweya woipa. Mu ntchito zoyeretsera zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi miyezo ya API 682, zisindikizo zamtundu wa B (zitsulo zonyamula mpweya) zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino pa ntchito za kutentha kwambiri za Gulu 2 ndi Gulu 3, kuonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira malamulo azachilengedwe komanso miyezo yachitetezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Malangizo Othandiza Osankha ndi Kupeza Zinthu

Kusintha kuchoka pa kusankha zinthu mwanzeru kupita ku kupeza zinthu mwanzeru kumafuna njira yokonzedwa bwino. Kupeza chisindikizo cha makina chopangidwa ndi chitsulo si ntchito yogulitsa zinthu; kumafuna kulumikizana kolondola pakati pa gulu lodalirika la mafakitale ndiwopanga zisindikizo.

Kuwunika mosamala ndi njira yoyenerera kumatsimikizira kuti chisindikizo choperekedwacho chidzagwira ntchito bwino pa MTBF yake yomwe yatchulidwa, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndalama zambiri.

Ndi njira yowunikira yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito

Njira yowunikira iyenera kuyamba ndi kusanthula kwathunthu kwa madzi ndi makina. Mainjiniya ayenera kulemba kapangidwe ka mankhwala enieni, kuphatikizapo zinthu zochepa, kuti atsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi zitsulo. Kupopa madzi okhala ndi ma chloride ofanana kungayambitse kusweka kwa dzimbiri mu bellows yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya 300-series.

Kenako, envelopu yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kufotokozedwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kujambula kutentha kochepa komanso kwakukulu kogwira ntchito, kupanikizika kosalekeza komanso kosakhalitsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa. Pambuyo poti envelopu iyi yakhazikitsidwa, kuwunikira kumasintha kukhala mtundu wa kapangidwe ka bellows—kusankha pakati pa bellows zopangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda ntchito kapena bellows zolumikizidwa m'mphepete kuti zigwire ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasowa

Zambiri zofunika kwambiri zimanyalanyazidwa nthawi zambiri panthawi yogula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asatope msanga. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi ndi makulidwe a mbale ya bellows. Ma mbale okhazikika olumikizidwa m'mphepete amakhala ndi makulidwe kuyambira 0.10 mm mpaka 0.15 mm. Kusankha mbale yokhuthala (monga 0.20 mm) kumawonjezera kupanikizika koma kumachepetsa kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa axial, zomwe zimafuna kuwerengeranso bwino mphamvu zonyamula katundu.

Kusankha aloyi ndi chinthu china chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimachifuna. Kusagwiritsa ntchito AM350 kungachepetse ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pasadakhale, koma kusintha kwa Alloy C-276 kapena Inconel 718 ndikofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi zinthu zowononga kwambiri kapena kutentha kopitirira 315°C. Kulephera kufotokoza bwino za zitsulo zoyenera zamadzimadzi ndi chifukwa chachikulu choyambitsa kuphulika koyambirira kwa bellows.

Momwe mungayenerere ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa

Kuyenerera wogulitsa zitsulo kumafuna kufufuza bwino luso lake lopanga ndi kutsimikizira khalidwe lake. Ogula ayenera kulamula satifiketi ya ISO 9001 ndikupempha zikalata zotsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kampani. Popeza njira yolumikizira zitsulo m'mphepete imafuna ma micro-welds ambiri, wogulitsa ayenera kuchita mayeso okhwima otulutsa madzi.

Ogulitsa ovomerezeka ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a helium mass spectrometry leak testing, kutsimikizira kuti leak rate ndi yochepera 1 × 10 ^ -7 atm cc/sec kudutsa bellows assembly. Kuphatikiza apo, ogula ayenera kuyembekezera njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera zinthu; ngakhale kuti pusher seals nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu zamalonda zomwe sizili pashelufu (COTS), bellows zopangidwa ndi m'mphepete mwachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimafuna Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) kapena nthawi yobweretsera ya masabata 6 mpaka 8. Zikalata zotsatirika (monga EN 10204 3.1) ziyenera kukhala zofunikira zomwe sizingakambirane kuti zitsimikizire kuti alloy ndi yolondola.

Pamene Zisindikizo za Metal Bellows Zili Zoyenera Kwambiri

Kudziwa momwe chisindikizo chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi zitsulo chimagwirira ntchito kumafuna kufananiza mphamvu zapadera za ukadaulo ndi njira zinazake zolephera zomwe zimachitika mufakitale. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zisindikizo zimenezi zimakhala ngati yankho lolondola pamavuto okhazikika odalirika a pampu.

Ngakhale kuti sizili m'malo mwa zisindikizo zonse zopukutira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo m'malo omwe ali ndi mavuto ambiri kumabweretsa kukhazikika kosayerekezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimakonda zitsulo zokometsera

Yeniyenintchito zamafakitaleMwachibadwa amakonda kapangidwe ka bellows zachitsulo. Kukonza ma hydrocarbon otentha kwambiri, monga kupopera asphalt yotentha kapena mafuta olemera a vacuum gas (HVGO), kumafuna zomatira zomwe sizingakoke kapena kumamatira. Mapampu otumiza kutentha (mafuta otentha) omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa 200°C amadalira kokha bellows zachitsulo kuti apewe kulephera kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa elastomer.

Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba zomangika mpaka 5% kulemera ndi komwe kumafunika kwambiri. M'malo awa, mphete za O-dynamic za zisindikizo zopukutira zimawonongeka mwachangu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ma spring awo amadzaza ndi zinthu zolimba. Chisindikizo chachitsulo chozungulira chimachotsa zinthu zolimbazi, ndikusunga mawonekedwe abwino ndikuletsa chisindikizocho kuti chisapachike.

Malangizo omwe amathandiza magulu kusankha molimba mtima

Kuti asankhe motsimikiza, magulu a uinjiniya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika yosankha. Ngati ntchitoyo ikupitirira 200°C, ikugwira ntchito pansi pa -40°C, imagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zamphamvu zomwe zimatupa ma elastomer, kapena ikuvutika ndi shaft fretting, chisindikizo chachitsulo cha bellows mechanical chiyenera kukhala chofunikira.

Magulu ayenera kuika patsogolo miyezo yodalirika ya nthawi yayitali kuposa bajeti yogulira. Kukhazikitsa makonzedwe a API 682 Type B pazinthu zofunikira pamalopo kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta kusunga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikavuta, ukadaulo wotsekera umapangidwa kale kuti upirire kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi makina, potsirizira pake kuteteza kupanga mafakitale ndi antchito.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri ndi chifukwa chake zitsulo zomangira zitsulo zimamatirira
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndi liti pamene ndiyenera kusankha chisindikizo cha makina chachitsulo m'malo mwa chisindikizo cha elastomer bellow?

Sankhani ma bellow achitsulo kuti mugwiritse ntchito kutentha kwambiri, mankhwala amphamvu, ntchito yowala, kapena ngati kutsekeka kwa shaft ndi kutseka kwa O-ring kuli koopsa. Ma bellow a elastomer amakwanira ntchito zoyera komanso kutentha pang'ono.

Kodi kutentha kotani komwe kumapangitsa kuti zisindikizo zachitsulo zikhale njira yabwino?

Ma bellow achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakondedwa kuposa 200°C ndipo amatha kugwira 400°C+ kutengera alloy. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutentha kochepa kwambiri komwe ma elastomer amatha kusweka.

N’chifukwa chiyani zisindikizo zachitsulo zimathandiza kuti pampu ikhale yodalirika?

Amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kosakakamiza, kotero palibe elastomer yosinthasintha yomwe imatsetsereka pa shaft. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kutsekeka, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi, komanso kuthetsa kupsinjika kwa shaft pa ntchito yovuta.

Kodi Victor Seals ingapereke zisindikizo zachitsulo zosinthira mapampu a OEM?

Inde. Victor Seals imapereka zisindikizo zamakina zogwirizana ndi OEM komanso zosinthira zamakampani monga IMO, Alfa Laval, Grundfos, APV, Flygt, Fristam, Lowara, ndi Allweiler.

Kodi zitsulo zotsekera zitsulo zimakhala bwino pa zinthu zokhuthala kapena zodetsedwa?

Kawirikawiri inde. Mapangidwe a zitsulo zozungulira amapewa kutsekeka kwa ma spring-pocket komwe kumachitika m'ma pusher seals ena ndipo amatha kuthana ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza pantchito zolimba zopopera mafakitale.