Momwe Mungasankhire Chisindikizo cha Makina cha Pampu Yanu: Buku Lotsogolera la Masitepe Asanu

Kusankha bwino chisindikizo cha shaft ya pampu kumatanthauza mwachindunji kudalirika kwa zida zozungulira pa ntchito zamafakitale.Bungwe la Hydraulic Institute, kulephera kwa zisindikizo zamakina kumabweretsa gawo lalikulu la nthawi yosakonzekera ya ntchito ya pampu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwakukulu kwa ndalama m'mafakitale opangira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Kusankha zisindikizo zoyenera zamafakitale kumafuna kuwunika mwadongosolo magawo ogwirira ntchito, mphamvu zamadzimadzi, ndi makonzedwe a zida. Bukuli likufotokoza njira yolinganizidwa yodziwira mayankho ogwirizana a zisindikizo, kuchepetsa zoopsa zotayikira komanso kukonza nthawi yokonza.

Gawo 1: Dziwani Ma Parameter Ogwiritsira Ntchito Pampu

Kulemba Malire a Kupanikizika ndi Kutentha

Gawo loyamba posankha chisindikizo cha makina limaphatikizapo kulemba momwe pampu imagwirira ntchito. Akatswiri ayenera kulemba kuthamanga kwa mkati, kutentha kwa ntchito, ndi liwiro lozungulira. Kuthamanga kumalamulira kapangidwe ka chipinda cha chisindikizo ndi kudzaza nkhope. Kuthamanga kwambiri kungayambitse kusokonekera kwa nkhope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhope iwonongeke mwachangu. Kutentha kumatsimikiza kufunikira kwa zinthu zochotsera kutentha, monga mapulani oyeretsera kapena mapaipi a thermosiphon.

Kuwunika kwathunthu kwa magawo kumathandiza kuti chisindikizo cha makina chisawonongeke msanga. Oyang'anira malo ayenera kusonkhanitsa deta yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndizisindikizo zamafakitaleMafotokozedwe a wopanga. Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kukhala mkati mwa chivundikiro cholembedwa cha magwiridwe antchito kuti chisindikizo chikhale cholimba.

Malire ogwirira ntchito amasiyana kwambiri kutengera kapangidwe ka zida. Tebulo lotsatirali likuwonetsa malire ogwirira ntchito a magulu odziwika bwino otsekera mafakitale.

Tebulo 1: Magawo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Chisindikizo Cha Ma Mechanical Standard

Gawo 2: Unikani Makhalidwe a Madzi a Zisindikizo Zosagwira Mankhwala

Kuwunika Kukhuthala kwa Madzi ndi Kuphulika kwa Madzi

Kugwirizana kwa madzimadzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhala ndi moyo wautali kwa seal. Madzi a processing amakhala ndi poizoni wosiyanasiyana, kukhuthala, ndi kukhuthala. Madzi otsika mafuta, monga ma hydrocarbons opepuka kapena madzi, amafunika kuphatikiza zinthu zinazake za nkhope kuti apewe kuwonongeka kouma. Madzi oundana amafuna zinthu zolimba za nkhope kuti zisawonongeke.

Kusankha zipangizo zosindikizira makina zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumafuna kuwonetsa machati ofanana ndi mankhwala. Tanthauzo: Zipangizo zosindikizira makina zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zipirire kuwonongeka popanda kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake. Kusankha elastomer kumadalira kwathunthu kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi kutentha kwa madzi.

Mainjiniya ayenera kuwunika momwezisindikizo zosagwira mankhwalazosankha kutengera kuchuluka kwa madzi m'njira inayake. Kusintha pang'ono kwa pH kapena kutentha kwa madzi kumatha kusintha kwambiri kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kwa zigawo zina zotsekera, malinga ndi malangizo a sayansi ya zinthu kuchokera kuNACE Yapadziko Lonse .

Gawo 3: Yesani Kukonza Chisindikizo: Chisindikizo cha Katiriji ndi Chisindikizo cha Mbali

Kukhazikitsa Molondola ndi Kuchepetsa MTTR

Kapangidwe ka zida zamagetsi kumakhudza kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa ndi ntchito yokonza. Mainjiniya omwe amafufuza momwe katiriji imagwirira ntchito ndi momwe katiriji imagwirira ntchito ayenera kuyeza kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa poyerekeza ndi ndalama zoyambira kugula. Tanthauzo: Katiriji yokhala ndi zigawo imakhala ndi zigawo zomwe zimafuna kulumikizidwa ndi manja pa shaft ya pampu panthawi yosintha munda.

Kusiyana: Poyerekeza ndi zomatira za zigawo, ubwino wa chomatira cha makina a katiriji uli mu kapangidwe kamene kamasonkhanitsidwa kale komwe kamachotsa zolakwika zoyezera za anthu panthawi yoyika. Mapangidwe a katiriji amaphatikizapo mbale ya gland, sleeve, ndi mitu ya zomatira ngati gawo limodzi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kulinganiza bwino nkhope ndi kukanikiza kasupe kokonzedweratu.

Zomera zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yokonzanso (MTTR) nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofananazisindikizo zamakina a katirijiMapangidwe a zigawozi amakhalabe ofunikira pa ntchito zochepa pomwe mbale ya gland singathe kuyika chikwama cha cartridge.

Gawo 4: Yesani Liwiro ndi Mphamvu ya Chisindikizo cha Pump Shaft

Kusamalira Kuthamanga kwa Shaft ndi Kugwedezeka

Liwiro lozungulira ndi kayendedwe ka shaft zimakhudza mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi kukhazikika kwa chisindikizo chachiwiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lalikulu kumabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumakankhirana pa mawonekedwe a nkhope ya chisindikizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zothanirana ndi kutentha. Kuthamanga kwa shaft ndi kugwedezeka kwa mbali zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalingana kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusokonekera kosagwirizana.

TheMuyezo wa ASME B73.1imapereka malangizo okhwima okhudza kupotoka kwa shaft ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi m'mapampu opangira. Kupitirira malire awa a makina kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapaderazisindikizo za shaft ya pampuZili ndi njira zoyendetsera zosinthika. Ma pin oyendetsera okhala ndi mipata amathandiza kuyenda kwa mbali popanda kulekanitsa nkhope.

Gome 2: Mphamvu ya Shaft ndi Zinthu Zofunika Zokhudza Chisindikizo

Gawo 5: Tsimikizirani Kutsatira Malamulo a Zachilengedwe pa Zisindikizo Zamakampani

Malamulo Okhudza Mpweya Woipa ndi Makonzedwe Awiri a Zisindikizo

Mayankho otsekera mafakitale ayenera kutsatira miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa mpweya woipa m'chilengedwe. Mabungwe aboma, kuphatikizapoBungwe Loteteza Zachilengedwe, tsatirani malamulo okhudza kutulutsa mpweya wa volatile organic compound (VOC) kuchokera ku zipangizo zozungulira. Zisindikizo zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimalephera kukwaniritsa malire a zero-emission a madzi oopsa.

Kutsatira malamulo kumafuna kuti pakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa makonzedwe awiri a zisindikizo okhala ndi chotchingira madzi chotchinga.Bungwe la European Sealing Associationlipoti lakuti kutsekeredwa kawiri komwe kumayendetsedwa bwino kumachepetsa kwambiri kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kufika pamlingo wa zero. Malo ogwirira ntchito zinthu zoopsa ayenera kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili.zisindikizo zamakina zopangidwa mwamakondayopangidwa ndi madoko olumikizirana ozindikira kutayikira kwa madzi.

TheMuyezo wa American Petroleum Institute API 682Kutsatira API 682 kumatsimikizira kuti njira zothandizira zisindikizo zimapereka mphamvu yokwanira yotetezera komanso kuwongolera kutentha kuti chilengedwe chizitsatira mosalekeza.

Chidule cha Njira Yosankhira Chisindikizo cha Makina

Chidule: Zomaliza zofunika pakusankha chisindikizo cha makina ndi izi: 1) Kulemba molondola malire a kuthamanga, kutentha, ndi liwiro; 2) Kutsimikizira kuti madzi akugwirizana ndi ma chart a mankhwala oletsa kuzizira; 3) Kuika patsogolo makonzedwe a makatiriji kuti athetse zolakwika zoyika; 4) Kusankha zipangizo zolimba za shafts zogwedezeka kwambiri; 5) Kukhazikitsa zisindikizo ziwiri kuti zikwaniritse malamulo okhudza kutulutsa mpweya m'chilengedwe.

Gome 3: Kusankha Zisindikizo Mwachangu Matrix

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa chisindikizo cha gawo ndi chisindikizo cha makina a cartridge ndi kotani?

Chisindikizo cha zigawo chimafuna akatswiri kuti asonkhanitse zigawo mwachindunji pa shaft ya pampu. Chisindikizo cha makina a katiriji chimabwera ngati chipangizo chosonkhanitsidwa kale. Kusiyana: Poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe a zigawo, ubwino wa chisindikizo cha katiriji uli mu nthawi yochepa yoyika komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za anthu panthawi yosintha malo.

Kodi zinthu zosindikizira zamakina zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zimateteza bwanji kuwonongeka kwa madzi?

Zipangizo zomangira zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosagwira ntchito, monga alumina ceramic yoyera kapena fluoropolymer elastomers yapadera. Zipangizozi sizimalumikizana ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimaletsa madzi kuti asasungunuke kapena kuwononga nkhope za zisindikizo ndi mphete zina za O panthawi yowonekera nthawi zonse.

Kodi chisindikizo cha shaft chokhazikika cha makina chingathe kugwira ntchito yothira madzi oundana?

Zisindikizo zamakina zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimalephera msanga pa ntchito ya matope okhwima chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba.zisindikizo za zigawokapena mapangidwe a makatiriji okhala ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri, monga silicon carbide motsutsana ndi silicon carbide, ndi mapulani akunja otulutsira zinthu zolimba.

Kodi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa pampu nthawi zonse kumafuna chisindikizo chapadera cha mafakitale?

Liwiro lozungulira kwambiri limawonjezera kutentha komwe kumapangidwa chifukwa cha kukangana pa mawonekedwe a nkhope ya seal. Ngakhale kuti seal yokhazikika imagwira ntchito molimbika, kugwiritsa ntchito kopitilira mamita 25 pa sekondi kumafuna seal zamafakitale zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera za nkhope, kutsuka bwino, komanso mapangidwe abwino a masika kuti apewe kusokonezeka kwa kutentha.

N’chifukwa chiyani malamulo okhudza chilengedwe amakhudza kusankha njira zothetsera zisindikizo?

Malamulo okhudza chilengedwe amachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya woipa wochokera ku zipangizo zozungulira zamafakitale. Zisindikizo zamakina zokhazikika zimalola kutuluka kwa madzi m'ma microscopic. Kutsatira malamulo kumafuna njira zotsekera pogwiritsa ntchito makina awiri okhala ndi mphamvu ziwiri, kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo satuluka mumlengalenga.