Kusankha Pakati pa Zisindikizo Zamakina Zam'nyengo Imodzi ndi Zambiri

Chiyambi

Kugwira ntchito kwa chisindikizo cha makina kumadalira kwambiri momwe mphamvu yotsekera imapangidwira, ndipo kapangidwe ka masika ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Poyerekeza makonzedwe a kasupe umodzi ndi masika ambiri, kusiyana kumapitirira kuchuluka kwa magawo: kumakhudza kudalirika, kukana kuipitsidwa, kuyenerera kwa shaft, ndi machitidwe pansi pa kugwedezeka, kuvala, ndi kuyenda kwa kutentha. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa chisindikizo chimodzi cha makina cha kasupe umodzi pamene chikuyiyika motsutsana ndi njira ina ya masika ambiri, kuti muwone komwe kapangidwe kalikonse kamagwira ntchito bwino. Pomaliza, mudzakhala ndi maziko othandiza posankha kasinthidwe koyenera ka chisindikizo cha ntchito ya pampu, momwe ntchito ikuyendera, ndi zofunika kwambiri pakukonza.

Zisindikizo Zamakina Zam'madzi Zam'madzi Zam'madzi Zokha ndi Zambiri

Zisindikizo zamakina zimadalira makina awo a kasupekuti mukhale ndi nkhope yolumikizana nthawi zonse panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nkhope isawonongeke, kuthamanga kwa madzi m'mitsinje, komanso kutentha kukhale kwakukulu. Kusankha pakati pa masika amodzi ndi angapo kumasintha kwambiri momwe makina amagwirira ntchito, zosowa za malo, komanso kufooka kwa kuipitsidwa ndi makina otsekera. Kumvetsetsa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana awa ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTBF) muntchito zopopera zamafakitale, komwe kusankha kosayenera kwa kasupe kungayambitse kutaya madzi koopsa komanso nthawi yosakonzekera.

Ngakhale mapangidwe onsewa amagwira ntchito yofanana yopereka mphamvu yotsekera kumaso oyambira a chisindikizo, mawonekedwe awo a geometric amatsimikiza kuti ndi oyenera m'malo enaake a mafakitale. Mainjiniya a zomera ayenera kuwunika mapangidwe awa osati ngati zinthu zosinthika zokha, komanso ngati njira zopangidwira zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi madzi opompedwa.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe

A chisindikizo cha makina cha kasupe umodziimagwiritsa ntchito kasupe mmodzi wamkulu, wolemera kwambiri kuti igwire mphamvu yotseka mphete yoyambira yosindikizira. Kasupe mmodzi uyu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku waya wolemera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mainchesi 3.0 mpaka kupitirira 5.0 kutengera kukula kwa shaft yake. Chifukwa cha gawo lake lalikulu, kasupe mmodzi ndi wolimba kwambiri ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chisindikizo cha masika ambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito masika ang'onoang'ono angapo—nthawi zambiri pakati pa masika 6 ndi 20 kutengera kukula kwa chisindikizo—omwe amakhala mkati mwa mphete yosungiramo zinthu yopangidwa ndi makina. Masika ang'onoang'ono awa amagwiritsa ntchito waya woonda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mainchesi 1.0 mpaka 2.0, wozungulira mozungulira nkhope za chisindikizocho. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafuna njira yovuta kwambiri yopangira koma imapangitsa kuti pakhale malo ozungulira komanso ozungulira kwambiri.

Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kutayikira kwa madzi

Kugawa mphamvu yotseka ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa magwiridwe antchito pakati pa mapangidwe awiriwa. Zisindikizo za masika ambiri zimapereka mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri a 360-degree loading face. Kapangidwe kameneka nthawi zambiri kamapangidwa kuti kasunge kuthamanga kwa nkhope kolondola komanso kosalekeza, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0.15 ndi 0.25 MPa. Kugawa kofanana kumeneku kumachepetsa kusokonekera kwa nkhope ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyang'aniridwa kofanana, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pa liwiro lalikulu lozungulira pomwe mafilimu amadzimadzi a hydrodynamic ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chisindikizo chimodzi cha makina a kasupe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku coil imodzi yozungulira. Chifukwa mphamvuyo imachokera ku waya umodzi wozungulira shaft, ingayambitse kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya nkhope kosagwirizana pang'ono. Pa liwiro lalikulu, kudzaza kosagwirizana kumeneku kungayambitse kusokonekera kwa nkhope pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhope isawonongeke bwino kapena kutentha kukhale kofanana. Komabe, kasupe mmodzi amakhala wolemera kwambiri ndipo amateteza kwambiri ku kumasuka kwa centrifugal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika kwambiri pa liwiro lokhazikika komanso lotsika.

Malire a ntchito ndi kuyenerera kwa atolankhani

Makhalidwe a zofalitsa nkhani pamapeto pake amalamulira malire a ntchito yonse ya kasupe. Zofalitsa nkhani za single springs zimachita bwino kwambiri m'malo ovuta, okhwinyata, kapena okhuthala kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake kakakulu, kotseguka kamalimbana ndi tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, madzi oundana, kapena zinthu zopanga makristalo. Madzi okhala ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri amatha kutsuka mosavuta m'mipata yayikulu mu kasupe kamodzi popanda kulepheretsa kusinthasintha kwake kwa makina.

Mapangidwe a masika ambiri, ngakhale ali abwino kwambiri m'madzi oyera, amatha kuipitsidwa mosavuta. Tinthu tolimba, matope, kapena zakumwa zopopera zimatha kulongedza mosavuta m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a masika mkati mwa chosungira. Matumba awa akadzaza, masika ang'onoang'ono amadzaza kapena "kutsamwitsidwa," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisindikizocho chikhale cholimba. Kutayika kwa kusinthasintha kumeneku kumalepheretsa chisindikizo kutsatira shaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutuluka kwa madzi mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu.

Momwe Mungayerekezere Zosankha za Chisindikizo

Kuwunika ndi kuyerekeza njira zosindikizira kumafuna kusanthula kozama kwa zoletsa zamakina, kutentha, ndi malo. Mainjiniya ayenera kugwirizanitsa mawonekedwe a chisindikizo ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zida zozungulira, nthawi zambiri amayang'ana miyezo yokhwima yamakampani monga API 682 pakugwiritsa ntchito petrochemical ndi mafakitale oyeretsera. Kuyerekeza koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti kapangidwe ka chisindikizo chosankhidwa sichidzangogwirizana ndi zida zokha komanso chidzapulumuka mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya njirayi.

Zofunikira pakusankha

Njira zazikulu zosankhira zimadalira kukula kwa shaft, liwiro lozungulira, ndi kuthamanga kwa ntchito. Zisindikizo za masika ambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala muyezo wofunikira kwambiri pa liwiro la shaft lopitirira 3000 RPM kapena kuthamanga kwa nkhope kopitilira mamita 20 pa sekondi. Kulemera kwawo kocheperako, kofalikira kumaletsa kusokonekera kwa centrifugal komwe kumatha kukhudza ma single coil akuluakulu pa liwiro lalikulu.

Kuyeza kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumathandizanso kwambiri poyerekeza. Ngakhale kuti mapangidwe onse awiriwa amatha kupangidwa m'njira yolinganiza bwino kapena yosalinganiza bwino, zisindikizo zamakina za single spring zosalinganiza bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zodzaza pansi pa 1.0 MPa (145 psi). Pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zisindikizo za multi-spring zolinganiza bwino nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa. Zimatha kuthana ndi mphamvu mpaka 3.0 MPa (435 psi) m'njira yolinganiza bwino pogwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha balance—chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa pakati pa 0.70 ndi 0.85—kuti zichepetse kutentha komwe kumapangidwa pamwamba pa zisindikizo.

Njira zolephera ndi kukhudzidwa kwa kukhazikitsa

Kuzindikira kuyika ndi kulephera kwa njira zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mapangidwe awiriwa. Chisindikizo chimodzi cha makina a kasupe chimadziwika m'mbiri yakale chifukwa chokhala ndi kulekerera kwakukulu pankhani ya kulekerera kwa kuyika kwa axial. Nthawi zambiri chimatha kulandira zolakwika za shaft end-play, kukula kwa kutentha, kapena kuyika zolakwika za $\pm 2.0$ millimeters popanda kutaya katundu woopsa wa nkhope. Komabe, ma springi amodzi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana nthawi zambiri amakhala olunjika—kutanthauza kuti amadalira njira yeniyeni yozungulira shaft (bala lamanja kapena lamanzere) kuti amange panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuyika kasupe wolunjika pa shaft yozungulira mozungulira kudzapangitsa kasupe kumasuka ndikulephera nthawi yomweyo.

Zisindikizo za masika ambiri zimathetsa vuto la kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka magetsi, chifukwa masika awo ozungulira amagwira ntchito mosadalira kusinthasintha kwa shaft. Komabe, amafuna kukhazikitsidwa kolondola. Kulekerera kwa axial kwa chisindikizo cha masika ambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera $\pm 0.5$ millimeters. Ngati zayikidwa mosasamala kwambiri, chisindikizocho chidzatuluka nthawi yoyambira; ngati zapanikizika kwambiri, masika opyapyala adzamangirirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhope iwonongeke kwambiri komanso kutentha kuwonongeke mwachangu.

Zinthu ndi zinthu zoyenera kuganizira

Kusankha zinthu za masikapu ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yofananizira, chifukwa imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufooka kwa waya. Popeza masikapu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito waya woonda (1.0 mpaka 2.0 mm), salekerera kwambiri kuphulika kapena kuphulika kofanana. Chifukwa chake, masikapu ambiri nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zapamwamba monga Hastelloy C-276, Alloy 20, kapena Inconel 718 kuti atsimikizire kuti nthawi yayitali ikukhala m'malo omwe ali ndi mankhwala amphamvu.

Masipuleti amodzi amapindula ndi malo akuluakulu odutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri likhale lolimba kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza mainjiniya kusankha nthawi zambiri 316 Stainless Steel standard ya masipuleti amodzi ngakhale m'malo owononga pang'ono, chifukwa zingatenge zaka kuti dzimbiri lilowe mu waya wa 4.0 mm mokwanira kuti liwononge kapangidwe kake.

Momwe Mungasankhire Chisindikizo Chabwino

Njira yogulira ndi kukonza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo imadalira kutsimikizika kokhwima kwa deta yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda poyerekeza ndi momwe wopanga amagwirira ntchito. Kusankha kapangidwe koyenera ka chisindikizo si nkhani yokonda anthu onse, koma njira yokhwima yofananira ndi ukadaulo yomwe imaletsa kuwonongeka kwa zida msanga. Njira yosankha mwadongosolo iyenera kutsatiridwa kuti muchotse zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikupatula ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri wotsekera.

Deta ya pulogalamu yoti itsimikizidwe

Katundu wamadzimadzi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yosankha chisindikizo. Mainjiniya ayenera kutsimikizira molondola kukhuthala kwa mphamvu, malo oyeretsera, ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ...

Kulephera kutsimikizira izi kungapangitse kuti pakhale chisindikizo cha masika ambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matope, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti masikawa alephera kugwira ntchito msanga pamene masikawa atsekedwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutsimikizira kuti madzi ndi hydrocarbon yoyera, yosapanga polymer yokhala ndi kukhuthala kochepera 10 cSt kumapereka kuwala kobiriwira kuti kugwiritse ntchito kukhazikika kwachangu kwa kapangidwe ka masikawa ambiri.

Kuwunika kwa ogulitsa ndi kuyanjana

Akatsimikizira kuti madzi akugwirizana, mainjiniya ayenera kuchita macheke a kukula ndi ogulitsa. Kuchepa kwa malo ozungulira ndi axial mkati mwa bokosi lodzaza la pampu kumalamulira kuyanjana kwa thupi. Zisindikizo za masika ambiri zimakhala ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la radial, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera mapangidwe amakono a API kapena ANSI pump, kapena zida zakale zokhala ndi zipinda zotsekera zoletsa.

Ogulitsa ayenera kupereka zojambula zovomerezeka kuti zitsimikizidwe. Kuyesa kuyikanso chisindikizo chachikulu cha kasupe umodzi m'bokosi lopapatiza kungafunike kukonza nyumba ya pampu kuti ipereke chilolezo chokwanira cha radial. Kuphatikiza apo, magulu ogula ayenera kutsimikizira nthawi yoperekera katundu ndi kuchuluka kwa oda (MOQs). Masipiringi wamba wamba mu 316 SS nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yoperekera katundu ya sabata imodzi mpaka ziwiri, pomwe makatiriji apadera amitundu yambiri ogwiritsa ntchito Hastelloy angafunike masabata 6 mpaka 8 kuti atumizidwe.

Njira yosankha chisindikizo

Njira yosankha posankha imatsatira mfundo yokhwima komanso yokhazikika yopangidwa kuti ichepetse chiopsezo. Gawo loyamba ndikuwunika ukhondo wamadzimadzi ndi kukhuthala kwake; madzi odetsedwa, okhala ndi ulusi, kapena okhuthala kwambiri nthawi yomweyo amasamutsa chisankhocho ku kapangidwe ka kasupe kamodzi. Gawo lachiwiri limayesa liwiro lozungulira ndi liwiro la nkhope; ngati madziwo ndi oyera koma pampu ikugwira ntchito yoposa 3600 RPM kapena 20 m/s, chisankhocho chimasinthasintha ku kapangidwe ka masika ambiri kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwamphamvu.

Gawo lomaliza limaunika zoletsa za bokosi lodzaza ndi luso lokonza lomwe lilipo. Njira yokhazikika iyi imatsimikizira kuti kudalirika kofunikira pakugwira ntchito kumayikidwa patsogolo kuposa kusankha zinthu wamba, kufananiza zenizeni za makina a chisindikizo ndi zenizeni zenizeni za ndondomekoyi.

Zinthu Zokhudza Kusankha ndi Malangizo Omaliza

Mafotokozedwe omaliza a chisindikizo cha makina ayenera kulinganiza kuyenerera kwaukadaulo ndi zachuma za moyo wonse. Mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO) sumangokhudza ndalama zoyambira kugula komanso zovuta zoyika, nthawi zosamalira, kukhazikika kwa zinthu, komanso mtengo wa nthawi yosakonzekera yogwira ntchito. Kuyenda m'malo osiyanasiyana awa kumatsimikizira kuti chisindikizo chosankhidwacho chimapereka phindu lalikulu pa nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito.

Kusinthasintha kwa mtengo, kudalirika, ndi kukonza

Kuchokera pamalingaliro amalonda, chisindikizo chimodzi cha makina a kasupe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsika mtengo ndi 15% mpaka 30% kuposa kapangidwe kofanana ka masika ambiri, chifukwa cha njira zosavuta zopangira komanso zinthu zochepa zamkati. Magulu okonza nthawi zambiri amakonda mapangidwe a masika amodzi kuti akonze minda; kulimba kwawo, komanso kutseguka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyeretsa, kuyang'ana, ndikumanganso pamalopo popanda zida zapadera kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zisindikizo za masika ambiri zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zoyambira ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzikonzanso m'munda, nthawi zambiri zimafuna kubwezeredwa ku fakitale ya OEM kuti zikonzedwenso ma katiriji. Komabe, mu ntchito zoyera komanso zothamanga kwambiri, zisindikizo za masika ambiri zimathandizira mtengo wawo woyambira wapamwamba popereka kudalirika kwapamwamba. Kuyika nkhope kofanana kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa nkhope zodula za silicon carbide kapena tungsten carbide, nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera MTBF kuchoka pa miyezi 18 yokhazikika mpaka miyezi yoposa 36, ​​motero kumachepetsa TCO ya nthawi yayitali kudzera mu kuchepetsa njira zosamalira.

Nthawi yosankha kasupe umodzi poyerekeza ndi kasupe wambiri

Malangizo akuluakulu kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ndi ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka kasupe ndi momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito komanso liwiro la zida. Sankhani chisindikizo chimodzi cha makina a kasupe cha slurry, madzi otayira, mapepala, ndi ma resin okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu. M'malo ovuta awa, chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa kasupe ndicho njira yoyamba yolephera, ndipo kapangidwe kolimba, kotseguka kamapereka mwayi waukulu woti ntchitoyo isasokonezeke.

Sankhani chisindikizo cha masika ambiri mkatikukonza mankhwala oyera, mapampu amadzi ophikira boiler othamanga kwambiri, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydrocarbon opepuka. Madziwo akakhala oyera komanso opanda tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuthamanga kwa nkhope kofanana, kukhazikika kwa liwiro lalikulu, komanso mawonekedwe opapatiza a kapangidwe ka masika ambiri zimakhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti zisunge umphumphu wa kutseka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kopanda utsi.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Zomaliza zofunika kwambiri ndi zifukwa zomveka zosindikizira makina a kasupe umodzi
• Mafotokozedwe, kutsata malamulo, ndi macheke owopsa oyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanachite izi
• Njira zotsatila zogwira mtima komanso machenjezo omwe owerenga angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndiyenera kusankha liti chisindikizo cha makina cha kasupe umodzi?

Sankhani ngati ili ndi madzi okhuthala, okhuthala, kapena onyansa, othamanga pang'ono kapena pang'ono, komanso ntchito zomwe kukana kutsekeka ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kunyamula zinthu zofanana pankhope.

N’chifukwa chiyani chisindikizo cha masika ambiri chingakhale bwino kuposa chisindikizo cha masika chimodzi?

Gwiritsani ntchito chisindikizo cha masika ambiri kuti mupeze madzi oyera, malo opapatiza, komanso liwiro lalikulu la shaft komwe kuthamanga kwa nkhope ndi kutsatira kokhazikika kumathandizira kuwongolera kutuluka kwa madzi.

Kodi ma seal a kasupe amodzi amatha kugwira ntchito yonyowa kapena yopangira ma crystallizing media?

Inde. Kapangidwe kawo kotseguka, kokhala ndi ma coil akuluakulu kamalimbana ndi kusowa mphamvu, kotero zinthu zolimba ndi ma crystals sizingatseke kwambiri kasupe akamapopa.

Kodi Victor Seals imapereka masika amodzi ndi ambiri m'malo mwa masika ambiri?

Inde. Victor Seals imapereka masika amodzi, masika ambiri, zisindikizo zogwirizana ndi OEM, zida zosinthira, ndi zosinthira zisindikizo za pampu pazinthu zambiri zamafakitale.

Ndi mfundo ziti zomwe ndiyenera kutumiza Victor Seals ndisanasankhe chisindikizo?

Perekani chitsanzo cha pampu, kukula kwa shaft, mtundu wa madzi, kutentha, kupanikizika, liwiro, komanso ngati chosindikizira chili ndi zinthu zolimba. Izi zimathandiza kuti chisindikizocho chigwirizane ndi kapangidwe koyenera mwachangu.