Zifukwa 7 Zomwe Zimayambitsa Mavuto Okhudza Kutuluka kwa Chisindikizo cha Makina a Centrifugal Pump

Chifukwa Chake Kutayikira kwa Chisindikizo cha Makina N'kofunika

Kugwira ntchito kodalirika kwa makina opangira madzi m'mafakitale kumadalira kwambiri kulimba kwa chisindikizo cha makina cholumikizira pampu ya centrifugal. Zisindikizo zimenezi zikalephera, zotsatira zake sizimangopita pa kutayika kwa madzi, kuphatikizapo zoopsa zachilengedwe, nthawi yosakonzekera yogwira ntchito, komanso zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo. Kafukufuku wodalirika wa makampani nthawi zonse amasonyeza kutikulephera kwa chisindikizo cha makinaKulephera kwa pampu ya centrifugal kumabweretsa pafupifupi 69% ya kulephera kwa pampu ya centrifugal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhulupirika kwa seal kukhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTBF). Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa seal yamakina ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mainjiniya okonza ndi akatswiri odalirika omwe cholinga chawo ndi kukulitsa moyo wa zinthu ndikuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuthetsa zifukwa izi kumafuna kumvetsetsa kofunikira kwa momwentchito zosindikizira makina a centrifugal pampupansi pa mikhalidwe yosinthasintha. Chisindikizo si chotchinga chosasunthika koma chipangizo chopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri chosungira madzi chomwe chimadalira mphamvu zenizeni zamakina, mphamvu zamadzimadzi, ndi mphamvu ya thermodynamics.

Chomwe Chimawerengedwa Ngati Kutayikira kwa Chisindikizo cha Makina

Kuti munthu adziwe bwino mavuto, choyamba ayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimatchedwa njira yotulutsira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyeretsera madzi a centrifugal. Chisindikizo cha makina chimagwira ntchito posunga filimu yamadzimadzi ya microscopic pakati pa nkhope yozungulira ndi nkhope yosasuntha. Filimu yamadzimadzi iyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi makulidwe a mainchesi 0.00005 ndi 0.00015 (ma micrometer 1.27 mpaka 3.81), imapereka mafuta ofunikira komanso kuziziritsa. Madziwo akamayenda m'malo oyeretsera kuchokera kumbali yamadzimadzi amphamvu kupita kumbali ya mpweya wotsika, amatsika mphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthasintha gawo, nthunzi isanatuluke.

Chifukwa cha kusamuka kosalekeza kwa madzi, zisindikizo zonse zamakina zimatuluka; komabe, mu chisindikizo chogwira ntchito bwino, 'kutuluka' kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala nthunzi yosaoneka. Kutuluka kwa madzi kooneka kumachitika pamene makulidwe a filimu yamadzimadzi akupitirira magawo a kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi adutse popanda kusungunuka, kapena pamene nkhope za chisindikizo zawonongeka mwakuthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa njira yotulutsira madzi ambiri. Kusintha kuchoka pa kutuluka kwa nthunzi kupita ku mapangidwe a madontho amadzimadzi owoneka kumawonetsa malire pakati pa ntchito yanthawi zonse ndi vuto la chisindikizo lomwe likukula.

Zizindikiro Zovomerezeka Zokhudza Kutaya Madzi vs. Kulephera

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kulira kovomerezeka kwa ntchito ndi zizindikiro zenizeni zolephera ndi luso lofunika kwambiri lozindikira. Kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kovomerezeka kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera kapangidwe ka chisindikizo, zipangizo za nkhope, kukula kwa shaft, liwiro lozungulira, ndi mphamvu yokoka ndi kupanikizika kwa nthunzi ya madzi opompedwa. Pa ma hydrocarbon ambiri opepuka ndi madzi otentha kwambiri, kutayikira kosawoneka bwino kumayembekezeredwa chifukwa madziwo amawala kukhala nthunzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pa mafuta odzola olemera, kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kovomerezeka kungayesedwe ngati madontho awiri mpaka 60 pamphindi.

Pamene kutayikira kwadutsa zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, kapena pamene mtundu wa kutayikira kwasintha mwadzidzidzi, zimasonyeza kusweka kwa nkhope za chisindikizo kapena zinthu zina zotsekera. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu yachibadwa yamadzimadzi ndi zizindikiro zomaliza zolephera.

Kukhazikitsa ndi Kugwirizana Zimayambitsa

Ngakhale chisindikizo cha makina cha centrifugal chopangidwa bwino kwambiri chingalephereke msanga ngati chitayikidwa molakwika kapena chitakonzedwa bwino kwambiri. Kusintha kuchoka pa static assembly kupita ku dynamic operation kumafuna kutsatira kwambiri geometric tolerances. Pamene tolerances izi zapitirira, nkhope za chisindikizo sizingasunge compatible agment yofunikira kuti filimu yamadzimadzi ikhale yokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhudze malo, iwonongeke mwachangu, komanso ituluke mwachangu.

Opanga mapampu ndiOEM yosindikizatchulani zofunikira zenizeni zomwe ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanayambe komanso panthawi yokhazikitsa. Kunyalanyaza zofunikira izi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa ya makanda m'magawo a makina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayikira kwakukulu mkati mwa maola 48 oyamba a ntchito.

Kuyika Chisindikizo Kolakwika

Kukhazikitsa chisindikizo molakwika kumaphatikizapo zolakwika zambiri zomwe zimachitika panthawi yopangira pampu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa ntchito ya chisindikizo. Ngati chisindikizocho chayikidwa molakwika pa shaft,akasupe kapena mabeluSizipereka mphamvu yokwanira yotsekera. Kupatuka kwa mainchesi 0.38 okha (+/- 0.015 mainchesi (0.38 mm) kuchokera kutalika komwe kwatchulidwa kungayambitse kupanikizika kosakwanira kwa nkhope, zomwe zimalola filimu yamadzimadzi kutsegula nkhope, kapena kupanikizika kwambiri, kuwononga filimu yamadzimadzi ndikupangitsa kutentha kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa zigawo zomangira nthawi zambiri kumawononga umphumphu wa pompu isanayambe. Kukhudza nkhope za chisindikizo cholumikizidwa ndi manja opanda kanthu kumasamutsa mafuta ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimasokoneza kusalala kwa microscopic komwe kumafunikira pomangira. Kulephera kulimbitsa zomangira za kolala yoyendetsa mofanana kungayambitse kuti msonkhano wozungulira ukhale wosalala, pomwe kukanikiza kapena kuzunguliza mphete zachiwiri za O panthawi yoyika pamapewa a shaft kumapangitsa kuti njira zotayikira zituluke nthawi yomweyo m'manja.

Kusakhazikika bwino, Kupsinjika kwa Paipi, ndi Phazi Lofewa

Kulinganiza kwa makina kumapitirira kupitirira zigawo zamkati za pampu kupita ku pampu yonse ndi njira yoyendetsera injini. Kusagwirizana pakati pa pampu ndi ma shaft a mota kumapanga mphamvu zazikulu za radial ndi axial zomwe zimatumizidwa mwachindunji ku chisindikizo cha makina. Ngakhale kuti ma coupling osinthasintha amatha kulola kusagwirizana pang'ono, samachotsa mphamvu zomwe zimasamutsidwira ku shaft ya pampu. Miyezo yamakampani imati kuthamanga kwa shaft sikuyenera kupitirira mainchesi 0.002 Total Indicator Reading (TIR) ​​pamaso pa chisindikizo.

Kuwonjezera pa kusakhazikika bwino kwa shaft, kupsinjika kwa chitoliro ndi mapazi ofewa zimasokoneza kwambiri chivundikiro cha pampu. Pamene mapaipi olemera amakakamizidwa kulumikizana ndi ma flange a pampu popanda chithandizo choyenera, chivundikirocho chimapotoka, ndikusuntha gland yosasunthika yogwirizana ndi shaft yozungulira. Kusakhazikika kumeneku kumakakamiza nkhope za chivundikirocho kuti zitseguke ndikutseka pang'ono ndi kuzungulira kulikonse, chinthu chodziwika kuti 'kutsata nkhope.' Pa liwiro lokhazikika la mota ngati 3,600 RPM, nkhope za chivundikirocho sizingayankhe mwachangu mokwanira kuti zikhale zotsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayikira kwakukulu. Kuyang'anira kugwedezeka nthawi zambiri kumatha kuzindikira mavuto awa, ndi malire ovomerezeka a kugwedezeka nthawi zambiri amatsika pansi pa 0.15 mainchesi / sekondi RMS ya mapampu a centrifugal athanzi.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito

Malo ogwirira ntchito mkati mwa chivundikiro cha pampu amalamulira mwachindunji nthawi yayitali ya chisindikizo cha makina cha pampu ya centrifugal. Kusintha kwa njira, kusinthasintha kwa njira, ndi kusiyana ndi malo opangira ma hydraulic a pampu kumapangitsa zinthu zoyipa zomwe zimawononga nkhope za chisindikizo ndi ma elastomer achiwiri. Chisindikizo cha makina chimadalira kwathunthu madzi opompedwa kapena flush yakunja kuti izizire ndi kudzola; chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwa mkhalidwe wamadzi sikungakambirane.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya centrifugal kunja kwa magawo ake ofunikira kumakakamiza chisindikizo cha makina kuti chizigwira ntchito movutikira chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa hydraulic. Kuzindikira ndikuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa kutuluka kwa chisindikizo msanga.

Kuthamanga Kouma ndi Mafuta Osakwanira

Kuthamanga mouma mwina ndi njira yowononga kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito chisindikizo cha makina cha centrifugal. Pamene pampu yataya mphamvu, kapena ngati kuyenda kwa madzi kwasokonekera, nkhope za chisindikizocho sizipeza filimu yawo yopaka mafuta. Popanda mafuta, kuchuluka kwa kukangana pakati pa nkhope zozungulira ndi zosasuntha kumakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchitike nthawi yomweyo komanso moopsa. Kutentha komwe kumakhalapo pamalopo kumatha kupitirira 400°F (204°C) mkati mwa masekondi angapo kuchokera pamene chisindikizocho chauma.

Kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti nkhope za seal zikule mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusokonezeke kwambiri komanso 'kuyang'anira kutentha'—ukonde wa ming'alu ya ma radial yaying'ono yomwe imafalikira pamwamba pa seal. Kuyang'anira kutentha kukachitika, nkhope za seal zimagwira ntchito ngati zodulira mphero, zimawonongana mwachangu ndikupangitsa kuti madzi atuluke kwambiri akabwezeretsedwanso. Kusunga Mutu Wokwanira Wopatsa Mphamvu (NPSHa) wokwanira kuti udutse (NPSHr) wofunikira ndi malire otetezeka ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa kung'anima ndi kuuma kwa madzi pamwamba pa seal.

Kuyenda Kosapangidwa, Kugwedezeka, ndi Kupsinjika kwa Kutentha

Kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya centrifugal kutali kwambiri ndi Best Efficiency Point (BEP) yake kumayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa hydraulic. Pampu ikagwira ntchito pansi pa 60% ya BEP yake kapena pafupi ndi mikhalidwe ya dead-head, kufalikira kwa mphamvu yamkati mozungulira impeller kumakhala kosagwirizana kwambiri. Kusagwirizana kumeneku kumapanga katundu waukulu wa radial thrust womwe umapotoza shaft ya pampu. Kupotoka kwa shaft kumasintha mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito a chisindikizo cha makina, kuletsa nkhope kuti zisapitirire kukhala zathyathyathya komanso zofanana.

Mofananamo, kugwira ntchito pamalo otayikira (kutali kumanja kwa BEP) kungayambitse kutsekeka kwa mpweya. Kuphulika kwa thovu la nthunzi panthawi yotsekeka kumapanga mafunde amphamvu kwambiri omwe amadutsa mu shaft ya pampu. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumatha kuswa nkhope zosweka, monga silicon carbide kapena tungsten carbide, ndikuchotsa mphete za O-rings. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwachangu kwa kutentha kwa madzi kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwa kutentha, komwe kumatha kupotoza zigawo ndikuchepetsa mpata wofunikira kuti muwongolere kutuluka.

Nkhani Zokhudza Kusankha Zinthu ndi Ndondomeko Yosindikiza

Kufotokozera kwa chisindikizo cha makina cha centrifugal pampu kumaphatikizapo zisankho zovuta zaukadaulo zokhudzana ndi zitsulo, kuphatikiza nkhope, ma elastomer otsekera achiwiri, ndi zowongolera zachilengedwe. Kusagwirizana pakati pa zinthu zotsekera ndi madzi a njira nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, kuwonongeka kwa abrasive, ndipo pamapeto pake, kutayikira. Kusankha bwino zinthu ndi dongosolo la chisindikizo kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino kapangidwe ka mankhwala a madziwo, pH, kukhuthala, ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Kudalira njira zokhazikika zosungiramo zisindikizo pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu kapena apadera kwambiri ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera kwa chisindikizo nthawi zonse. Mainjiniya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zogwirizana ndi makampani, monga API 682, kuti atsimikizire kuti zisindikizo zikugwira ntchito bwino.

Nkhope Zosagwirizana, Elastomers, ndi Madzi

Nkhope zosagwirizana za seal ndi elastomer zimayimira njira yoyamba yolephera mu ntchito zopangira mankhwala. Ngati zinthu zina zotsekera (O-rings, V-rings, kapena gaskets) sizigwirizana ndi mankhwala ndi madzi opompedwa, zimatha kutupa, kusungunuka, kapena kusweka. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito Nitrile O-rings wamba mu solvent yotenthetsera kwambiri kungayambitse kutupa ndi kutulutsa mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutayike nthawi yomweyo. Malire a kutentha kwa elastomer ayeneranso kutsatiridwa mosamala; pomwe Viton (FKM) ndi yoyenera kutentha mpaka 400°F (204°C), kugwiritsa ntchito kopitilira malire awa nthawi zambiri kumafuna Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) monga Kalrez, yomwe imatha kupirira mpaka 600°F (316°C).

Kusankha zinthu za nkhope n'kofunika kwambiri. Kupopera thovu lokhala ndi nkhope za carbon-graphite zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kutopa ndi kuwonongeka mwachangu. Pakugwiritsa ntchito thovu, kuphatikiza nkhope zolimba, monga Silicon Carbide motsutsana ndi Silicon Carbide, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuwonongeka. Malire ofanana a zinthu zodziwika bwino afotokozedwa pansipa.

Zisindikizo Zamakina Zimodzi ndi Ziwiri

Chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira amodzi kapena awiri (awiri) chimakhudza kwambiri kuwongolera kutayikira kwa madzi komanso kutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe.chisindikizo chimodzi chamakinaZimadalira kwambiri mankhwala opopedwa kuti ziume ndipo zimatulutsira mpweya wambiri mumlengalenga. Ngakhale kuti zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zopanda poizoni monga madzi kapena mankhwala ofatsa, zomatira zomatira sizikwanira pa zinthu zamoyo zoopsa kwambiri, zoyaka, kapena zoopsa (VOCs).

Zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina zimakhala ndi mawiri awiri osiyana a nkhope zotsekereza ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito chotchinga chachiwiri kapena madzi otsekereza. Mu kasinthidwe ka chisindikizo chachiwiri chopanikizika (API 682 Gulu 2 kapena 3), madzi otsekereza amasungidwa pamlingo wa 15 mpaka 30 psi kuposa kuthamanga kwa bokosi lodzaza la pampu. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kutuluka kulikonse m'maso mwa chisindikizo chamkati kumakhala ndi madzi oyera otsekereza omwe amalowa munjirayi, m'malo mwa madzi oopsa omwe amatuluka mumlengalenga. Kulephera kutchula chisindikizo chachiwiri pa ntchito zoopsa ndi vuto lalikulu lotsatira malamulo ndi chitetezo.

Mavuto Osankha Ndondomeko Yotsuka

Ngakhale zisindikizo zamakina zomwe zafotokozedwa bwino zimafuna njira yoyenera yowongolera chilengedwe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa pulani ya mapaipi a API kapena pulani yotulutsira zisindikizo. Mapulani awa adapangidwa kuti azilamulira chilengedwe chozungulira nkhope za zisindikizo mwa kuwongolera kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi ukhondo wamadzi. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena kusakwanira kukula kwa mapulani otulutsira zisindikizo.

Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito API Plan 11 (kubwerezabwereza kuchokera ku kutulutsa kwa pampu kupita ku chisindikizo) sikuthandiza ngati kusiyana kwa kuthamanga sikukwanira kuyendetsa kuyenda koyenera. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka a 2 mpaka 5 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) kumafunika kuti kuchotse kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi nkhope za chisindikizo. Ngati Plan 32 (kutsuka kwakunja koyera) ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, madzi akunja ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala; kusokonezeka kwa madzi otuluka mu Plan 32 nthawi yomweyo kumapangitsa kuti chisindikizo cha makina a centrifugal pump chisagwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilephereke mwachangu.

Kuzindikira ndi Kupewa

Kusintha kuchoka pa kuzima moto mwachangu kupita ku kasamalidwe kodalirika kumafuna njira yolongosoka yodziwira ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa chisindikizo cha makina a centrifugal pampu. Mwa kusanthula zisindikizo zolephera ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kokhwima kwa momwe zinthu zilili, mafakitale amatha kuzindikira njira zinazake zolephera ndikukonzekera njira zothetsera mavuto. Cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTBF), ndi zisindikizo zamakono zotsatizana ndi API 682 zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa MTBF yopitilira miyezi 36 pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino.

Kuzindikira bwino matenda kumadalira kuphatikiza kusanthula deta yogwira ntchito, kuyang'ana ndi maso zinthu zomwe zalephera, komanso kudzipereka kuti zinthu zisinthe mosalekeza kudzera mu njira zodzitetezera komanso zodziwiratu.

Kuthetsa Mavuto a Kutayikira kwa Chisindikizo cha Makina

Kuthetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa chisindikizo cha makina kumayamba ndi kufufuza kwa akatswiri a zisindikizo zomwe zalephera. Mawonekedwe a kusweka pa nkhope zoyambirira za chisindikizo amapereka mbiri yakale ya momwe ntchito ikuyendera isanayambe kulephera. Mwachitsanzo, mpata wozama, wofanana pankhope yolimba umasonyeza tinthu tomwe timayabwa mu filimu yamadzimadzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira yosweka yomwe ndi yayikulu kuposa nkhope yotsutsana nayo imasonyeza kuti ma radial runout kapena bearing ilephera.

Kuvutika ndi kutentha kumasiya zizindikiro zinazake, monga kuphulika kwa mpweya, komwe ma hydrocarbon amalowa m'mabowo a nkhope ya kaboni ndikukula mofulumira chifukwa cha kutentha, zomwe zimachotsa zidutswa zazing'ono kwambiri za zinthu. 'Kupindika' kwa nkhope zomatira—komwe kukhudzana kumachitika kokha mkati kapena kunja kwa mainchesi—kumasonyeza kusokonekera kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kapena kupotoka kwa kutentha. Mwa kulemba mosamala zizindikiro izi ndikuzigwirizanitsa ndi deta ya SCADA (monga kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa mpweya kapena kukwera kwa kutentha), mainjiniya odalirika amatha kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kutuluka kwa mpweya.

Zosankha Zokonza, Kukonzanso, Kapena Kukweza

Akazindikira chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli, ogwira ntchito amakumana ndi chisankho chofunikira chokhudza kukonza, kukonzanso, kapena kukweza. Kukonza kokhazikika, komwe kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza nkhope ya chisindikizocho mpaka mkati mwa mizere iwiri mpaka itatu ya helium (pafupifupi mainchesi 0.00003) ndikusintha ma elastomer, ndikotsika mtengo pa zisindikizo zomwe zafika kumapeto kwa moyo wawo wachilengedwe. Komabe, ngati chisindikizo chikuvutika ndi kulephera kwanthawi yayitali, kungochikonza kokha kudzabwezeretsa wotchiyo pakulephera komweko kotsatira.

Pakakhala kulephera kwanthawi yayitali, kukweza kapangidwe ka makina osindikizira a centrifugal pump ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukonzanso kuchokera ku chisindikizo cha gawo kupita ku chisindikizo cha cartridge kumachepetsa kwambiri zolakwika zoyika ndi MTTR (Mean Time To Repair). Pa ntchito zovuta kwambiri, kukweza ku mawonekedwe apadera, monga zisindikizo zosalumikizana ndi gasi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malo apamwamba opangidwa ndi akatswiri (monga ma laser-machined hydrodynamic grooves), kumatha kuthetsa mavuto otuluka madzi kwathunthu, bola ngati ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikugwirizana ndi kufunika kwa katunduyo.

Njira Zabwino Zodzitetezera Kusamalira

Kukonza koteteza ndiye chitetezo chachikulu ku kutayikira kwa chisindikizo cha makina. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma envelopu okhwima ogwirira ntchito pa pampu iliyonse ya centrifugal. Ukadaulo wolosera umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pano; kuyang'anira kugwedezeka kosalekeza kumatha kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa ma bearing ndi kupotoka kwa shaft kale kwambiri zisanayambe mavuto otsatira nkhope ya chisindikizo. Thermography imatha kuzindikira kutentha komwe kumazungulira chisindikizo, kusonyeza kutayika kwa madzi otuluka kapena momwe madzi akuyenderera.

Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro a ogwiritsa ntchito ndi maziko a kukonza koteteza. Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino kutulutsa mpweya ndi kuyika ma pumps patsogolo, kuzindikira phokoso la cavitation, komanso kupewa kutsekereza ma valve opopera ma pump. Mwa kuphatikiza kuyang'anira kwapamwamba ndi njira yogwirira ntchito molimbika, mafakitale amatha kuyang'anira bwino malo ogwirira ntchito, potero kukulitsa kudalirika ndi moyo wa ma seal awo a makina a centrifugal pump.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Tengani kutuluka kwa madzi owoneka ngati chizindikiro cha chenjezo, chifukwa chisindikizo cha makina chogwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri chimatulutsa filimu yopaka mafuta kapena nthunzi yosaoneka.
• Yang'anani kaye momwe ntchito ikuyendera, popeza kuthamanga kouma, kutsekeka kwa cavitation, kutentha kwambiri, ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumatha kuwononga nkhope za seal ngakhale seal itayikidwa bwino.
• Yang'anani momwe zinthu zilili, kugwedezeka, mabearing, ndi momwe shaft sleeve yake ilili musanasinthe chisindikizo, chifukwa kusakhazikika kwa makina nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kulephera kutayikira mobwerezabwereza.
• Gwirizanitsani zinthu zomangira nkhope ya chisindikizo, ma elastomer, ndi kapangidwe ka chisindikizocho ndi madzi opompedwa, kutentha, kupanikizika, ndi zinthu zolimba kuti mupewe kuukira kwa mankhwala ndi kuwonongeka msanga.
• Gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsukira kapena zotchingira ngati pakufunika, chifukwa kuipitsidwa ndi kuzizira kosayenera kungatsegule nkhope za chisindikizo ndikufulumizitsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
• Lembani zomwe zimayembekezeredwa kuti zituluke bwino pa ntchito iliyonse yopampu kuti magulu okonza athe kusiyanitsa kulira koyenera ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za kulephera kugwira ntchito.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Nchifukwa chiyani zisindikizo za makina a centrifugal zimatuluka?

Nthawi zambiri zimatuluka chifukwa nkhope za chisindikizo zimataya filimu yawo yokhazikika yamadzimadzi a microscopic. Zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri ndi monga kuyenda kouma, kusakhazikika bwino, kugwedezeka, kutsekeka kwa chisindikizo, kusankha molakwika chisindikizo, kusayika bwino, kuipitsidwa, komanso kupanikizika kwambiri kapena kutentha.

Kodi kutayikira pang'ono kwa chisindikizo cha makina ndi kwabwinobwino?

Inde. Zisindikizo zonse zamakina zimalola kusamuka kochepa kwa madzi kuti alowetsedwe ndi kuziziritsidwa. Mu chisindikizo chathanzi, nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala nthunzi yosaoneka. Kudontha kooneka, kupopera, kapena kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kutuluka kwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kulephera kwa madzi.

Kodi chiŵerengero chovomerezeka cha kutayikira kwa chisindikizo cha makina ndi chiyani?

Zimatengera mtundu wamadzimadzi, kapangidwe ka chisindikizo, liwiro, kupanikizika, ndi zipangizo. Mautumiki ena amayembekezera kuti palibe kutayikira komwe kumawonekera, pomwe mafuta olemera angalole kuti madzi azidontha pang'ono. Kutayikira kulikonse kunja kwa zomwe pampu kapena wogulitsa chisindikizo kuyenera kufufuzidwa.

Kodi madzi ouma angawononge chisindikizo cha makina cha centrifugal pump?

Inde. Kuthamanga kouma kumachotsa filimu yopaka mafuta pakati pa nkhope zomatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kukwera mofulumira, kusweka kwa nkhope, kuwonongeka kwa elastomer, ndi kutuluka kwa madzi. Mapampu ayenera kutsukidwa bwino, kupatsidwa mpweya wokwanira, ndi kutetezedwa ndi zowongolera zoyenera.

Kodi kugwedezeka kumakhudza bwanji moyo wa chisindikizo cha makina?

Kugwedezeka kwambiri kumasokoneza mawonekedwe a nkhope ya seal ndipo kungawononge ma spring, nkhope, ma O-rings, ndi ma bearing. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi cavitation, kusalinganika, kusalinganika bwino, ma bearing osweka, kapena kugwira ntchito kutali ndi malo abwino kwambiri ogwirira ntchito pampu.