Kusankha zinthu za chisindikizo chanu ndikofunikira chifukwa kudzakuthandizani kudziwa mtundu, moyo wautali komanso momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso kuchepetsa mavuto m'tsogolomu.Apa, tikuwona momwe chilengedwe chidzakhudzire kusankha kwa zinthu zosindikizira, komanso zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso ntchito zomwe zikuyenera kwambiri.
Zinthu zachilengedwe
Chilengedwe chomwe chisindikizo chidzawululidwe ndi chofunikira posankha kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu.Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zida zosindikizira zimafunikira m'malo onse, kuphatikiza kupanga nkhope yokhazikika, yokhoza kuyendetsa kutentha, kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala, komanso kukana kuvala bwino.
M'madera ena, zinthuzi ziyenera kukhala zamphamvu kuposa zina.Zina zakuthupi zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa poganizira za chilengedwe zimaphatikizapo kuuma, kuuma, kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha, kuvala ndi kukana mankhwala.Kukumbukira izi kudzakuthandizani kupeza zinthu zoyenera pa chidindo chanu.
Chilengedwe chingathenso kudziwa ngati mtengo kapena ubwino wa chisindikizo ukhoza kukhala patsogolo.M'malo ovuta komanso ovuta, zisindikizo zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimafunika kukhala zamphamvu kuti zipirire mikhalidwe imeneyi.
Kwa madera oterowo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosindikizira zamtengo wapatali kudzabweza pakapita nthawi chifukwa kumathandizira kuletsa kutsekedwa kwamtengo wapatali, kukonzanso, ndi kukonzanso kapena kukonzanso chisindikizo chomwe chisindikizo chotsika kwambiri chidzabweretsa. madzimadzi oyera kwambiri omwe ali ndi mafuta odzola, chisindikizo chotsika mtengo chikhoza kugulidwa mokomera mayendedwe apamwamba kwambiri.
Zida zosindikizira wamba
Mpweya
Mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhope za chisindikizo ndi wosakaniza wa carbon amorphous ndi graphite, ndi maperesenti amtundu uliwonse amadziwitsa zakuthupi pagawo lomaliza la carbon.Ndi chinthu chokhazikika, chokhazikika chomwe chingathe kudzipaka mafuta.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati imodzi mwamawonekedwe amitundu iwiri pamakina osindikizira, komanso ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino pazisindikizo zozungulira zozungulira ndi mphete za pistoni zowuma kapena zocheperako.Kusakaniza kwa carbon / graphite kumeneku kungathenso kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zina kuti zipereke makhalidwe osiyanasiyana monga kuchepa kwa porosity, kuvala bwino kapena mphamvu zowonjezera.
Thermoset resin impregnated carbon seal ndiyo yodziwika kwambiri pazisindikizo zamakina, yokhala ndi ma resin ambiri omwe amatha kugwira ntchito mumankhwala osiyanasiyana kuyambira maziko amphamvu mpaka ma asidi amphamvu.Amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe abwino amakangana komanso modulus yokwanira yothandizira kuwongolera kupotoza kwa kuthamanga.Izi ndizoyenera kugwira ntchito ku 260 ° C (500 ° F) m'madzi, zoziziritsa kukhosi, mafuta oyaka, mafuta, mankhwala opepuka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya ndi mankhwala.
Zisindikizo za kaboni za Antimony zatsimikiziranso kuti zikuyenda bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi modulus ya antimony, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri pakafunika chinthu champhamvu komanso cholimba.Zisindikizo izi zimalimbananso ndi matuza pamakina omwe ali ndimadzimadzi owoneka bwino kwambiri kapena ma hydrocarbon opepuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale giredi yofananira pazantchito zambiri zoyenga.
Mpweya ungathenso kuikidwa ndi zopangira mafilimu monga fluorides pouma, cryogenics ndi vacuum applications, kapena oxidation inhibitors monga phosphates kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi turbine applications to 800ft/sec and around 537°C (1,000°F).
Ceramic
Ceramics ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe kapena zopangira, nthawi zambiri alumina oxide kapena alumina.Ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuvala kwambiri komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga makina, mankhwala, mafuta, mankhwala ndi magalimoto.
Ilinso ndi zida zabwino kwambiri za dielectric ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zotchingira magetsi, zida zolimbana ndi kuvala, media media, komanso kutentha kwambiri.Poyeretsa kwambiri, aluminiyamu imakhala ndi kukana kwamankhwala kwamadzi ambiri kupatula ma asidi amphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina ambiri osindikizira.Komabe, alumina imatha kusweka mosavuta chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwamafuta, komwe kwaletsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pazinthu zina pomwe izi zitha kukhala vuto.
Silicon carbide imapangidwa ndi kusakaniza silika ndi coke.Ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi ceramic, koma ali ndi mphamvu zokometsera bwino ndipo ndizovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino yovala movutikira kumalo ovuta.
Itha kulumikizidwanso ndikupukutidwa kuti chisindikizo chikhoza kukonzedwanso kangapo pa moyo wake wonse.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina, monga zisindikizo zamakina chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamankhwala, kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kukana kuvala bwino, kugunda kwazing'ono komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina osindikizira, silicon carbide imapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito aziyenda bwino, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa chisindikizo, kutsika mtengo wokonza, komanso kutsika mtengo kwa zida zozungulira monga ma turbines, compressor, ndi mapampu apakati.Silicon carbide imatha kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe idapangidwira.Zomwe zimamangiriridwa ndi silicon carbide zimapangidwa pomangirira tinthu tating'ono ta silicon carbide kwa wina ndi mnzake pochita.
Izi sizimakhudza kwambiri zinthu zambiri zakuthupi ndi kutentha kwa zinthu, komabe zimalepheretsa kukana kwa mankhwala.Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri omwe ali ndi vuto ndi caustics (ndi mankhwala ena apamwamba a pH) ndi ma asidi amphamvu, choncho reaction-bonded silicon carbide sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izi.
Self-sintered silicon carbide amapangidwa ndi sintering silicon carbide particles molunjika pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito non-oxide sintering aids m'malo inert kutentha kuposa 2,000 ° C.Chifukwa cha kusowa kwazinthu zachiwiri (monga silicon), zinthu zowongoka zomwe sizingalowe m'malo mwake zimagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala pafupifupi madzi aliwonse ndi momwe zimapangidwira zomwe zingathe kuwonedwa pampu ya centrifugal.
Tungsten carbide ndi chinthu chosunthika kwambiri ngati silicon carbide, koma ndiyoyeneranso kuyika pamagetsi apamwamba chifukwa imakhala ndi kutsika kwambiri komwe kumapangitsa kuti isunthike pang'ono ndikupewa kupotoza kumaso.Monga silicon carbide, imatha kupangidwanso ndikupukutidwa.
Ma tungsten carbides nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ngati ma carbides omangika kotero palibe kuyesa kumangiriza ma tungsten carbide okha.Chitsulo chachiwiri chimawonjezeredwa kuti chimangirire kapena kumangiriza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tungsten carbide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zophatikizana za tungsten carbide ndi zitsulo zomangira.
Izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mopindulitsa popereka kulimba kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zokhuza kuposa momwe zingathere ndi tungsten carbide yokha.Chimodzi mwa zofooka za simenti ya tungsten carbide ndi kuchuluka kwake.M'mbuyomu, cobalt-bound tungsten carbide inkagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pang'onopang'ono idasinthidwa ndi nickel-bound tungsten carbide chifukwa chosowa kuyanjana kwamankhwala komwe kumafunikira kumakampani.
Nickel-bound tungsten carbide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nkhope zosindikizira komwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri komanso zolimba kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi kuyanjana kwabwino kwamankhwala komwe kumachepetsedwa ndi faifi tambala yaulere.
GFPTF
GFPTFE ili ndi kukana kwamankhwala kwabwino, ndipo galasi lowonjezera limachepetsa kukangana kwa nkhope zosindikiza.Ndi yabwino kwa ntchito zoyera komanso zotsika mtengo kuposa zida zina.Pali mitundu yaying'ono yomwe ilipo kuti igwirizane bwino ndi chisindikizocho ndi zofunikira ndi chilengedwe, kuwongolera magwiridwe ake onse.
Buna
Buna (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphira wa nitrile) ndi elastomer yotsika mtengo yopangira ma O-rings, zosindikizira ndi zinthu zopangidwa.Zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha makina ake ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino popanga mafuta, petrochemical ndi mankhwala.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamafuta amafuta, madzi, mowa wosiyanasiyana, mafuta a silicone ndi ma hydraulic fluid fluid chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake.
Popeza Buna ndi copolymer yopangira mphira, imagwira ntchito bwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kumatira kwachitsulo ndi zinthu zosamva ma abrasion, ndipo maziko awa amawapangitsanso kukhala abwino kugwiritsa ntchito zosindikizira.Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kupirira kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa idapangidwa ndi asidi wosauka komanso kukana kwa alkali pang'ono.
Buna ili ndi malire pamagwiritsidwe omwe ali ndi zinthu zowopsa monga kutentha kwambiri, nyengo, kuwala kwadzuwa ndi kukana kwa nthunzi, ndipo siyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera a clean-in-place (CIP) okhala ndi asidi ndi peroxides.
Chithunzi cha EPDM
EPDM ndi mphira wopangira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, zomangamanga ndi makina opangira zisindikizo ndi mphete za O, machubu ndi ochapira.Ndiwokwera mtengo kuposa Buna, koma imatha kupirira kutentha, nyengo ndi makina amakina osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zotalika kwambiri.Ndizosunthika komanso zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, chlorine, bulichi ndi zinthu zina zamchere.
Chifukwa cha zotanuka ndi zomatira, zitatambasulidwa, EPDM imabwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira mosasamala kanthu za kutentha.EPDM sichivomerezeka kwa mafuta a petroleum, madzi, chlorinated hydrocarbon kapena hydrocarbon solvent applications.
Viton
Viton ndi chinthu chokhalitsa, chochita bwino kwambiri, chopangidwa ndi fluorinated, mphira wa hydrocarbon chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu O-Rings ndi zisindikizo.Ndiwokwera mtengo kuposa zida zina za labala koma ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosindikizira yomwe ili yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri.
Kusagonjetsedwa ndi ozoni, oxidation ndi nyengo yoopsa, kuphatikizapo zinthu monga aliphatic ndi zonunkhira za hydrocarbons, madzi a halogenated ndi zida za asidi zamphamvu, ndi imodzi mwa ma fluoroelastomers amphamvu kwambiri.
Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zosindikizira ndizofunikira kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yopambana.Ngakhale zida zambiri zosindikizira ndizofanana, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuti chikwaniritse zosowa zenizeni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023