mapampu ndi amodzi mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zisindikizo zamakina.Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zisindikizo zamakina ndi zisindikizo zamtundu wolumikizana, zosiyanitsidwa ndi zisindikizo za aerodynamic kapena labyrinth zosalumikizana.Zisindikizo zamakinazimadziwikanso ngati moyenera mawotchi chisindikizo kapenachosalinganika makina chisindikizo.Izi zikutanthawuza kuchuluka kwa, ngati kulipo, kuthamanga kwa ndondomeko kungabwere kumbuyo kwa nkhope yosindikizira.Ngati nkhope ya chisindikizo siinakankhidwe motsutsana ndi nkhope yozungulira (monga mu chisindikizo cha mtundu wa pusher) kapena madzimadzi otsekemera pazitsulo zomwe zimayenera kusindikizidwa siziloledwa kupita kumbuyo kwa chisindikizo, kukakamiza kwa ndondomekoyi kumawombera nkhope ya chisindikizo. ndi kutsegula.Wopanga chisindikizo amayenera kuganizira zonse momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kuti apange chisindikizo ndi mphamvu yotseka yofunikira koma osati mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti chipangizocho chikatsegula pa nkhope yosindikizira chimapangitsa kutentha ndi kuvala kwambiri.Uku ndi kusakhazikika komwe kumapangitsa kapena kuswa kudalirika kwapampu.
chisindikizo champhamvu chimayang'anizana ndi kupangitsa mphamvu yotsegula osati njira yodziwika bwino
kulinganiza mphamvu yotseka, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.Sichimachotsa mphamvu yotseka yofunikira koma imapatsa wopanga mpope ndi wogwiritsa ntchito knob ina kuti atembenuke mwa kulola kutsitsa kapena kutsitsa nkhope za chisindikizo, ndikusunga mphamvu yotseka yofunikira, motero kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kuvala pamene akukulitsa zomwe zingatheke kugwira ntchito.
Dry Gas Seals (DGS), yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu compressor, imapereka mphamvu yotsegula pa nkhope zosindikizira.Mphamvuyi imapangidwa ndi mfundo yonyamula mpweya, pomwe mipope yabwino yopopa imathandizira kulimbikitsa mpweya kuchokera kumbali ya kupanikizika kwambiri kwa chisindikizocho, kulowa mumpata ndi pankhope ya chisindikizo ngati filimu yopanda madzi.
Mphamvu yotsegulira ya aerodynamic ya nkhope yosindikizira ya gasi youma.Kutsetsereka kwa mzere kumayimira kuuma kwapakati.Dziwani kuti kusiyana kuli mu ma microns.
Chochitika chomwecho chimapezeka muzitsulo zamafuta za hydrodynamic zomwe zimathandizira ma compressor ambiri a centrifugal ndi makina opopera ndipo zimawoneka mu ma rotor dynamic eccentricity plots akuwonetsedwa ndi Bently Izi zimapereka kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika kumbuyo ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa mayendedwe amafuta a hydrodynamic ndi DGS. .Zisindikizo zamakina zilibe mipope yabwino yomwe ingapezeke mu nkhope ya DGS yowuluka.Pakhoza kukhala njira yogwiritsira ntchito mfundo zakunja zopanikizidwa ndi mpweya kuti muchepetse mphamvu yotseka kuchokera kumakina chisindikizo nkhopes.
Makhalidwe abwino amadzimadzi-filimu yokhala ndi magawo motsutsana ndi chiŵerengero cha eccentricity ya magazini.Kuuma, K, ndi damping, D, ndizochepa pamene magazini ili pakatikati pa kubereka.Pamene magazini ikuyandikira pamwamba, kuuma ndi kunyowa kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Miyendo ya mpweya wa aerostatic kunja imagwiritsa ntchito gwero la mpweya woponderezedwa, pamene ma fani osunthika amagwiritsa ntchito kusuntha kwapakati pakati pa malo kuti apange kusiyana.Ukadaulo wopanikizidwa kunja uli ndi maubwino osachepera awiri.Choyamba, mpweya woponderezedwa ukhoza kubayidwa mwachindunji pakati pa nkhope zosindikizira m'njira yoyendetsedwa bwino m'malo molimbikitsa gasi kulowa mumpata wosindikizira wokhala ndi mipope yosazama yomwe imafunikira kuyenda.Izi zimathandiza kulekanitsa nkhope zosindikizira zisanayambe kuzungulira.Ngakhale nkhope zitalumikizidwa, zimatseguka kuti kukangana kwa ziro kuyambike ndikuyima pomwe kukakamizidwa kulowetsedwa pakati pawo.Kuonjezera apo, ngati chisindikizo chikuwotcha, n'zotheka ndi kukakamiza kwakunja kuonjezera kupanikizika kwa nkhope ya chisindikizo.Mpatawo ukhoza kuwonjezeka molingana ndi kukanikiza, koma kutentha kwa kumeta ubweya kumagwera pa ntchito ya cube ya kusiyana.Izi zimapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito mwayi watsopano woti azitha kuwongolera kutentha.
Palinso mwayi wina mu compressor kuti palibe kuyenda kudutsa nkhope monga kuli mu DGS.M'malo mwake, kupsyinjika kwakukulu kuli pakati pa nkhope zosindikizira, ndipo kuthamanga kwakunja kumadutsa mumlengalenga kapena kutuluka kumbali imodzi ndikulowa mu compressor kuchokera mbali inayo.Izi zimawonjezera kudalirika mwa kusunga ndondomeko kuti ikhale yopanda malire.M'mapampu izi sizingakhale zopindulitsa chifukwa zingakhale zosafunikira kukakamiza gasi woponderezedwa mu mpope.Mipweya yoponderezedwa mkati mwa mapampu imatha kuyambitsa cavitation kapena nyundo ya mpweya.Zingakhale zosangalatsa, komabe, kukhala ndi chosindikizira chosalumikizana kapena chopanda mikangano pamapampu popanda kuyipa kwa gasi kulowa mu pompa.Kodi zingatheke kukhala ndi mpweya wotuluka kunja ndi zero?
Malipiro
Ma fani onse opanikizidwa kunja ali ndi mtundu wina wa chipukuta misozi.Kulipira ndi njira yoletsa yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu asamavutike.Njira yolipiridwa kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma orifices, koma palinso njira zolipirira poyambira, masitepe ndi porous.Kulipiridwa kumathandizira kuti zimbalangondo kapena zisindikizo ziziyenda moyandikana popanda kukhudzana, chifukwa akamayandikira kwambiri, kupanikizika kwa mpweya pakati pawo kumakwera, ndikuthamangitsa nkhopezo.
Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa orifice lathyathyathya amalipira gasi (Chithunzi 3), avareji
Kupanikizika mumpata kudzafanana ndi katundu wokwanira pamtundu wogawidwa ndi dera la nkhope, uku ndikukweza kwa unit.Ngati gwero la gasi ili ndi ma 60 pounds pa square inch (psi) ndipo nkhope ili ndi mainchesi 10 ndipo pali katundu wokwana mapaundi 300, padzakhala avareji ya 30 psi pampata wonyamula.Nthawi zambiri, kusiyana kudzakhala pafupifupi mainchesi 0.0003, ndipo chifukwa kusiyana kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri, kuyenda kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 0.2 wamba wa kiyubiki pa mphindi (scfm).Chifukwa pali chotchinga cham'mwamba chisanachitike kusiyana komwe kumagwiranso ntchito posungira, ngati katunduyo akukwera mpaka mapaundi a 400 kusiyana kwake kumachepetsedwa kufika pafupifupi mainchesi 0.0002, kuletsa kutuluka kwapakati pa 0.1 scfm.Kuwonjezeka kwa chiletso chachiwiri kumapereka choletsa cha orifice kuti chikhale chokwanira kuti chiwongolero chapakati papakati chiwonjezeke mpaka 40 psi ndikuthandizira kuwonjezeka kwa katundu.
Awa ndi mawonedwe a mbali yoduka ya mpweya womwe umapezeka mu makina oyezera (CMM).Ngati dongosolo la pneumatic liyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi "malipiro olipidwa" liyenera kukhala ndi zoletsa kumtunda kwa chiletso cha mipata.
Orifice vs. Porous Compensation
Orifice compensation ndiyo njira yolipiridwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Mphepete mwa nyanjayo imatha kukhala ndi dzenje la mainchesi .010, koma pamene ikudyetsa mainchesi angapo apakati, ikudyetsa madongosolo angapo a ukulu wochulukirapo kuposa womwewo, kotero kuthamanga kwake. gasi akhoza kukhala mkulu.Nthawi zambiri, ma orifice amadulidwa ndendende kuchokera ku miyala ya rubi kapena safiro kuti apewe kukokoloka kwa kukula kwake komanso kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.Nkhani ina ndi yakuti pamipata yomwe ili pansi pa 0.0002 mainchesi, malo ozungulira khomolo amayamba kutsamwitsa kutuluka kwa nkhope yonse, pomwe kugwa kwa filimu ya mpweya kumachitika. orifice ndi ma groove aliwonse alipo kuti ayambitse kukweza.Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakunja zopanikizidwa kunja sizikuwoneka mu mapulani osindikizira.
Izi sizili choncho chifukwa cha porous kulipidwa kubereka, m'malo mwake kuuma kumapitirirabe
kuwonjezeka pamene katundu akuwonjezeka ndipo kusiyana kumachepetsedwa, monga momwe zilili ndi DGS (Chithunzi 1) ndi
mafuta a hydrodynamic.Pankhani ya mayendedwe akunja oponderezedwa a porous, kunyamula kudzakhala munjira yokhazikika yamphamvu pamene kukakamiza kolowera kudera kumakhala kofanana ndi katundu wokwanira.Iyi ndi nkhani yosangalatsa ya tribological popeza palibe kukweza ziro kapena kusiyana kwa mpweya.Padzakhala ziro kuyenda, koma mphamvu ya hydrostatic ya mpweya wopondereza pansi pa nkhope ya chonyamuliracho sichimalemerabe katundu wonse ndipo zimabweretsa pafupifupi zero coefficient of friction-ngakhale nkhope zikugwirizanabe.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati chisindikizo cha graphite chili ndi malo okwana mainchesi 10 ndi ma pounds 1,000 a mphamvu yotseka ndipo graphite ili ndi coefficient of friction ya 0.1, pangafunike mapaundi 100 kuti ayambitse kuyenda.Koma ndi gwero lamphamvu lakunja la 100 psi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi porous graphite kumaso kwake, pangakhale mphamvu yokwanira kuti iyambitse kuyenda.Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti padakali mapaundi a 1,000 a mphamvu yotseka yotseka nkhope ziwirizi pamodzi ndi kuti nkhopezo zikugwirizana.
Kalasi ya zinthu zomveka bwino monga: ma graphite, ma carbons ndi ceramics monga alumina ndi silicon-carbides omwe amadziwika ndi mafakitale a turbo ndipo mwachibadwa amakhala ndi porous kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma bere opanikizika akunja omwe sali okhudzana ndi mafilimu amadzimadzi.Pali ntchito ya haibridi pomwe kukakamiza kwakunja kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kuthamanga kwa kukhudzana kapena mphamvu yotseka ya chisindikizo kuchokera ku tribology yomwe ikuchitika mu nkhope zolumikizirana.Izi zimalola woyendetsa mpope kuti asinthe zinthu kunja kwa mpope kuti athane ndi zovuta komanso ntchito zothamanga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo zamakina.
Mfundo imeneyi imagwiranso ntchito pa maburashi, ma commutators, exciter, kapena kondakitala aliyense amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutenga deta kapena mafunde amagetsi pa kapena kuzimitsa zinthu zozungulira.Pamene ma rotor amazungulira mofulumira ndikuthamanga akuwonjezeka, zingakhale zovuta kuti zipangizozi zigwirizane ndi shaft, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa kasupe kumawagwira pamtengowo.Tsoka ilo, makamaka pakuchita ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kumeneku kwa mphamvu yolumikizana kumapangitsanso kutentha kwambiri ndi kuvala.Mfundo yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina osindikizira omwe tafotokozedwa pamwambapa atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pano, pomwe kukhudzana kumafunikira kuti magetsi aziyenda pakati pazigawo zoyima ndi zozungulira.Kuthamanga kwakunja kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuthamanga kwa hydraulic cylinder kuti muchepetse kukangana pa mawonekedwe osinthika pamene mukuwonjezera mphamvu ya masika kapena mphamvu yotseka yofunikira kuti burashi kapena chisindikizo chigwirizane ndi shaft yozungulira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-21-2023