Zisindikizo zapampu zapampu zapawiri, zosinthidwa kuchokera kuukadaulo wa compressor air seal, ndizofala kwambiri pamsika wa shaft seal.Zisindikizo izi zimapereka zero kutulutsa kwamadzi opopa kupita kumlengalenga, kumapereka kukana kocheperako pa shaft ya mpope ndikugwira ntchito ndi njira yosavuta yothandizira.Ubwinowu umapereka mtengo wotsikirapo wanthawi zonse.
Zisindikizozi zimagwira ntchito poyambitsa gwero lakunja la mpweya wopanikizika pakati pa malo osindikizira amkati ndi akunja.Mawonekedwe apadera a malo osindikizira amaika mphamvu yowonjezera pa mpweya wotchinga, kuchititsa kuti malo osindikizira alekanike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo osindikizira ayandame mufilimu ya gasi.Kutayika kwa mikangano kumakhala kochepa chifukwa malo osindikizira sakhudzanso.Chotchinga mpweya amadutsa nembanemba pa mlingo otsika otaya, kuwononga chotchinga mpweya mu mawonekedwe a kutayikira, ambiri kutayikira mu mlengalenga kudzera pa kunja chisindikizo pamwamba.Zotsalirazo zimalowa m'chipinda chosindikizira ndipo pamapeto pake zimatengedwa ndi mtsinje wa ndondomeko.
Zisindikizo zonse ziwiri za hermetic zimafunikira madzi oponderezedwa (zamadzimadzi kapena gasi) pakati pa malo amkati ndi akunja a msonkhano wamakina osindikizira.Dongosolo lothandizira likufunika kuti lipereke madziwa ku chisindikizo.Mosiyana ndi izi, mumadzi otsekemera otsekemera owirikiza kawiri, chotchinga madzimadzi amayenda kuchokera m'madzi kudzera pa makina osindikizira, kumene amapaka chisindikizo, amayamwa kutentha, ndikubwereranso kumalo osungiramo madzi komwe amafunika kutaya kutentha komweko.Izi zamadzimadzi kuthamanga wapawiri chisindikizo thandizo machitidwe ndi zovuta.Kutentha kwamafuta kumawonjezeka ndi kuthamanga kwa ndondomeko ndi kutentha ndipo kungayambitse mavuto odalirika ngati sanawerengedwe bwino ndi kukhazikitsidwa.
Mpweya woponderezedwa wa double seal wothandizira umatenga malo ochepa, sufuna madzi ozizira, ndipo umafuna chisamaliro chochepa.Kuonjezera apo, pamene gwero lodalirika la mpweya wotetezera lilipo, kudalirika kwake sikudalira kupanikizika kwa ndondomeko ndi kutentha.
Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa zosindikizira zosindikizira zapampu yapawiri pamsika, American Petroleum Institute (API) idawonjezera Program 74 monga gawo la kusindikizidwa kwa kope lachiwiri la API 682.
74 Dongosolo lothandizira pulojekiti nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi ma geji okhala ndi mapanelo ndi mavavu omwe amatsuka mpweya wotchinga, kuwongolera kutsika kwamtsinje, komanso kuyeza kuthamanga ndi kutuluka kwa gasi kupita ku zosindikizira zamakina.Kutsatira njira ya gasi yotchinga kudzera pagawo la Plan 74, chinthu choyamba ndi valavu yoyendera.Izi zimalola kuti mpweya wotchinga upatulidwe ku chisindikizo kuti musinthe zinthu zosefera kapena kukonza pampu.Mpweya wotchingawo umadutsa pa 2 mpaka 3 micrometer (µm) coalescing fyuluta yomwe imatsekera zamadzimadzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuwononga mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa chisindikizo, ndikupanga filimu ya mpweya pamwamba pa chisindikizo.Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi chowongolera chowongolera ndi manometer poyika kukakamiza kwa chotchinga cha gasi ku chisindikizo cha makina.
Zisindikizo zapampopi zapawiri zapampu zimafunikira kuti mpweya wotchinga wa gasi ukwaniritse kapena kupitilira kupanikizika kocheperako kopitilira muyeso waukulu muchipinda chosindikizira.Kutsika kocheperako kumeneku kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi wopanga zisindikizo ndi mtundu wake, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala mapaundi 30 pa mainchesi lalikulu (psi).Kusinthana kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zovuta zilizonse ndi chotchinga cha gasi chotchinga ndikuwomba alamu ngati kuthamanga kutsika pansi pamtengo wocheperako.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chisindikizo kumayendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe ka gasi wotchinga pogwiritsa ntchito mita yothamanga.Kupatuka kwa kuchuluka kwa gasi wosindikizira komwe kumanenedwa ndi opanga makina osindikizira kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwa ntchito yosindikiza.Kutsika kwa gasi wotchinga kutha kukhala chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwapope kapena kusamuka kwamadzimadzi kupita kumaso osindikizira (kuchokera ku mpweya woyipitsidwa wotchinga kapena madzi opangira makina).
Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pa zochitika zoterezi, kuwonongeka kwa malo osindikizira kumachitika, ndiyeno kutuluka kwa mpweya wotchinga kumawonjezeka.Kuthamanga kwapampu kapena kutayika pang'ono kwa mphamvu ya mpweya wotchinga kungawonongenso malo osindikizira.Ma alamu othamanga kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti adziwe pamene akufunika kuti athandizidwe kuti akonze kutuluka kwa gasi.Malo opangira alamu othamanga kwambiri amakhala pamlingo wa 10 mpaka 100 kuchuluka kwa gasi wotchinga, nthawi zambiri samatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga zisindikizo zamakina, koma zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mpope ungapirire.
Mwachizoloŵezi, ma flowmeters osinthika osinthika akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo si zachilendo kuti ma flowmeter otsika komanso apamwamba azilumikizidwa mndandanda.Chophimba chothamanga kwambiri chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa mita yothamanga kwambiri kuti ipereke alamu yothamanga kwambiri.Zosiyanasiyana m'dera flowmeters akhoza calibrated kwa mpweya zina pa kutentha ndi mavuto.Pamene mukugwira ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zina, monga kusinthasintha kwa kutentha pakati pa chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira, mawonekedwe othamanga omwe akuwonetsedwa sangathe kuonedwa ngati mtengo wolondola, koma ali pafupi ndi mtengo weniweni.
Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa API 682 4th edition, miyeso yothamanga ndi kuthamanga kwasuntha kuchoka ku analogi kupita ku digito ndi zowerengera zakomweko.Digital flowmeters itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma flowmeters osiyanasiyana, omwe amasintha malo oyandama kukhala ma siginecha a digito, kapena ma flowmeter misa, omwe amatembenuza otaya misa kukhala otaya voliyumu.Chosiyanitsa cha ma transmitters othamanga kwambiri ndikuti amapereka zotulutsa zomwe zimalipira kukakamizidwa ndi kutentha kuti zipereke kuyenda kwenikweni pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika yamlengalenga.Choyipa ndichakuti zidazi ndizokwera mtengo kuposa ma flowmeters osiyanasiyana.
Vuto logwiritsa ntchito ma flow transmitter ndikupeza transmitter yomwe imatha kuyeza kutuluka kwa gasi wotchinga panthawi yomwe wagwira ntchito bwino komanso pama alarm othamanga kwambiri.Masensa oyenda amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso zochepa zomwe zimatha kuwerengedwa molondola.Pakati pa zero kuyenda ndi mtengo wocheperako, kutuluka kwake sikungakhale kolondola.Vuto ndiloti pamene kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mtundu wina wa transducer wothamanga kumawonjezeka, kutsika kochepa kumawonjezekanso.
Njira imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma transmitter awiri (amodzi otsika ma frequency ndi amodzi apamwamba), koma iyi ndi njira yokwera mtengo.Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito sensa yothamanga kwa kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchitoGawo lomaliza lomwe mpweya wotchinga umadutsamo ndi valavu yoyendera mpweya wotchinga usanachoke pagawo ndikulumikizana ndi chisindikizo cha makina.Izi ndi zofunika kupewa backflow wa amapopedwa madzi mu gulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa chida chochitika cha matenda dongosolo chisokonezo.
Valve yoyang'ana iyenera kukhala ndi kuthamanga kocheperako.Ngati kusankhidwa kuli kolakwika, kapena ngati chisindikizo cha mpweya wa pampu yapawiri chili ndi mpweya wochepa wotchinga mpweya, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti chotchinga mpweya kutuluka pulsation chifukwa cha kutsegula ndi kubwezeretsanso valavu cheke.
Nthawi zambiri, nayitrogeni wa chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotchinga mpweya chifukwa umapezeka mosavuta, umalowa mkati ndipo suyambitsa zovuta zilizonse zamadzimadzi mumadzi opopa.Mipweya ya inert yomwe palibe, monga argon, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.Zikadakhala kuti mphamvu yotchinga yamagetsi yoteteza imakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu ya nayitrogeni ya chomera, chowonjezera chowonjezera chikhoza kuwonjezera kupanikizika ndikusunga mpweya wothamanga kwambiri mu cholandila cholumikizidwa ndi pulani ya Plan 74.Mabotolo a nayitrogeni okhala m'mabotolo nthawi zambiri savomerezedwa chifukwa amafunikira masilindala opanda kanthu m'malo mwake ndi odzaza.Ngati khalidwe la chisindikizo likuwonongeka, botolo likhoza kutulutsidwa mwamsanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pampu iyime kuti iwononge kuwonongeka ndi kulephera kwa chisindikizo cha makina.
Mosiyana ndi makina otchinga madzi, makina othandizira a Plan 74 safuna kuyandikira zisindikizo zamakina.Chochenjeza chokha apa ndi gawo lotalikirapo la chubu laling'ono la mainchesi.Kutsika kwapakati pakati pa gulu la Plan 74 ndi chisindikizo chikhoza kuchitika mu chitoliro pa nthawi yothamanga kwambiri (kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo), zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yotchinga yomwe imapezeka ku chisindikizo.Kuchulukitsa kukula kwa chitoliro kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.Monga lamulo, mapanelo a Plan 74 amayikidwa pa choyimilira pamtunda wosavuta kuwongolera ma valve ndikuwerengera zida zowerengera.Chovalacho chikhoza kuikidwa pa mbale ya pampu kapena pafupi ndi mpope popanda kusokoneza kuyang'anira ndi kukonza pampu.Pewani ngozi zodumpha pamapaipi/mapaipi olumikiza mapanelo a Plan 74 okhala ndi zosindikizira zamakina.
Kwa mapampu apakati okhala ndi zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina, imodzi kumapeto kwa mpope, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito gulu limodzi ndikupatula chotchinga mpweya ku chisindikizo chilichonse.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito gulu lapadera la Plan 74 pachisindikizo chilichonse, kapena gulu la Plan 74 lomwe lili ndi zotulutsa ziwiri, iliyonse ili ndi ma flowmeters ndi ma switch switch.M'madera omwe nyengo yozizira imakhala yoziziritsa, pangakhale koyenera kuti pakhale mapulaneti a Plan 74.Izi zimachitidwa makamaka kuti ateteze zida zamagetsi za gululo, nthawi zambiri poyika gululo mu kabati ndikuwonjezera zinthu zotenthetsera.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa gasi wotchinga kumawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa gasi.Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosazindikirika, koma zimatha kuwonekera m'malo omwe kumakhala nyengo yozizira kapena kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa chilimwe ndi chisanu.Nthawi zina, pangafunike kusintha ma alarm othamanga kwambiri kuti mupewe ma alarm abodza.Mapaipi olowera mpweya ndi mapaipi/mapaipi olumikizira ayenera kuyeretsedwa musanayike mapanelo a Plan 74 kuti agwire ntchito.Izi zimatheka mosavuta powonjezera valavu yotsegulira pafupi kapena pafupi ndi makina osindikizira.Ngati valavu yotulutsa magazi palibe, dongosololi likhoza kutsukidwa pochotsa chubu / chubu ku chisindikizo cha makina ndikuchigwirizanitsa pambuyo poyeretsa.
Pambuyo polumikiza mapanelo a Plan 74 ku zisindikizo ndikuyang'ana maulalo onse a kutayikira, chowongolera chowongolera chikhoza kusinthidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi kukakamiza koyikidwa mukugwiritsa ntchito.Gululo liyenera kupereka mpweya wotchinga woponderezedwa ku chisindikizo cha makina musanadzaze mpope ndi madzimadzi opangira.Zisindikizo ndi mapanelo a Plan 74 ali okonzeka kuyamba njira yoperekera pampu ndi kutulutsa mpweya ikamalizidwa.
Choseferacho chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa pakatha mwezi umodzi chikugwira ntchito kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse ngati palibe kuipitsidwa komwe kwapezeka.Nthawi yosinthira fyuluta idzadalira kuyera kwa gasi woperekedwa, koma sayenera kupitirira zaka zitatu.
Miyezo ya gasi yotchinga iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikujambulidwa panthawi yoyendera nthawi zonse.Ngati chotchinga cha air flow pulsation chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valve ndi yayikulu mokwanira kuti iyambitse alamu yothamanga kwambiri, ma alarm awa angafunikire kuonjezedwa kuti apewe ma alarm abodza.
Chofunikira pakuchotsa ntchito ndikuti kudzipatula ndi kupsinjika kwa gasi woteteza kuyenera kukhala gawo lomaliza.Choyamba, kudzipatula ndi depressurize mpope casing.Pampuyo ikakhala pamalo otetezeka, mphamvu yoteteza gasi imatha kuzimitsidwa ndipo mphamvu ya gasi imachotsedwa papaipi yolumikiza gulu la Plan 74 kupita ku chisindikizo cha makina.Chotsani madzi onse mudongosolo musanayambe ntchito iliyonse yokonza.
Zisindikizo zosindikizira zapampu zapawiri zophatikizana ndi Plan 74 zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira yosindikizira ya zero-emission shaft seal, ndalama zotsika mtengo (poyerekeza ndi zisindikizo zokhala ndi zotchingira madzi), kuchepetsa mtengo wozungulira moyo, njira yaying'ono yothandizira ndi zofunikira zochepa zautumiki.
Ikayikidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi machitidwe abwino, yankho lokhala ndi izi limatha kupereka kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwa zida zozungulira.
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Mark Savage ndi woyang'anira gulu lazogulitsa ku John Crane.Savage ali ndi Bachelor of Science in Engineering kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Sydney, Australia.Kuti mudziwe zambiri pitani johncrane.com.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-08-2022