Kodi ndi chiyanichisindikizo cha shaft cha pampu?
Zomatira za shaft zimaletsa madzi kutuluka mu shaft yozungulira kapena yobwerezabwereza. Izi ndizofunikira pa mapampu onse ndipo pankhani ya mapampu a centrifugal pali njira zingapo zotsekera: zopakira, zomatira za milomo, ndi mitundu yonse ya zomatira zamakina - imodzi, ziwiri komanso zotsatizana kuphatikiza zomatira za cartridge. Mapampu ozungulira okhala ndi ma gear ndi ma vane amapezeka ndi zomatira, milomo ndi makina. Mapampu obwerezabwereza amakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana otsekera ndipo nthawi zambiri amadalira zomatira za milomo kapena zomatira. Mapangidwe ena, monga ma magnetic drive pumps, ma diaphragm pumps kapena ma peristaltic pumps, safuna zomatira za shaft. Mapampu otchedwa 'sealless' awa amaphatikizapo zomatira zosasunthika kuti apewe kutuluka kwa madzi.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zisindikizo za shaft ya pampu ndi iti?
Kulongedza
Kupaka (komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuyika shaft kapena kuyika gland) kumakhala ndi chinthu chofewa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimalukidwa kapena kupangidwa kukhala mphete. Izi zimakanikizidwa mu chipinda chozungulira shaft yoyendetsera yotchedwa stuffing box kuti apange chisindikizo (Chithunzi 1). Kawirikawiri, kukanikiza kumayikidwa mozungulira pa kuyika koma kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito mozungulira ndi hydraulic medium.
Mwachikhalidwe, kulongedza zinthu kunkapangidwa ndi chikopa, chingwe kapena fulakesi koma tsopano nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zinthu zosagwira ntchito monga PTFE yowonjezera, graphite yopanikizika, ndi elastomers zokulungidwa. Kulongedza zinthu kumakhala kotsika mtengo ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zakumwa zokhuthala komanso zovuta kutseka monga ma resin, phula kapena zomatira. Komabe, ndi njira yotsekera zinthu zopyapyala, makamaka pakakhala kupanikizika kwakukulu. Kulongedza zinthu nthawi zambiri sikulephera kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kusinthidwa mwachangu panthawi yotseka zinthu.
Zomatira zomangira zimafuna mafuta kuti zisaume chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumakwiyitsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi madzi omwe amapopedwa omwe nthawi zambiri amatuluka pang'ono kudzera mu zinthu zomatira. Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza ndipo pankhani ya zakumwa zowononga, zoyaka, kapena zapoizoni nthawi zambiri siziloledwa. Pazochitika izi, mafuta otetezeka akunja angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kupaka sikoyenera kupopedwa kwa mapampu otsekera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakumwa zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayabwa. Zinthu zolimba zimatha kulowa mu zinthu zomatira ndipo izi zitha kuwononga shaft ya pampu kapena khoma la bokosi lodzaza.
Zisindikizo za milomo
Zisindikizo za Milomo, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zisindikizo za radial shaft, ndi zinthu zozungulira zokhala ndi elastomeric zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa ndi nyumba yolimba yakunja (Chithunzi 2). Chisindikizocho chimachokera ku kukhudzana kwa kukangana pakati pa 'milomo' ndi shaft ndipo izi nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa ndi kasupe. Zisindikizo za Milomo ndizofala m'makampani onse a hydraulic ndipo zimapezeka pamapampu, ma hydraulic motors, ndi ma actuator. Nthawi zambiri zimapereka chisindikizo chachiwiri, chosungira cha machitidwe ena otsekera monga zisindikizo zamakina Zisindikizo za Milomo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo zimakhalanso zosakwanira pa zakumwa zoonda, zosapaka mafuta. Machitidwe angapo otsekera milomo agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa zakumwa zosiyanasiyana zokhuthala, zosapsa. Zisindikizo za Milomo sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zakumwa zilizonse zovunda kapena madzi okhala ndi zinthu zolimba chifukwa zimatha kuwonongeka ndipo kuwonongeka kulikonse pang'ono kungayambitse kulephera.
Zisindikizo zamakina
Zisindikizo zamakina zimakhala ndi nkhope imodzi kapena zingapo zosalala, zopukutidwa bwino, imodzi yosasuntha m'nyumba ndi ina yozungulira, yolumikizidwa ku shaft yoyendetsera (Chithunzi 3). Nkhopezo zimafuna mafuta, kaya ndi madzi opompedwa okha kapena ndi madzi otchinga. Mwachidule, nkhope zotsekerazo zimangokhudzana ndi pampu ikapuma. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, madzi odzola amapereka filimu yopyapyala, ya hydrodynamic pakati pa nkhope zotsutsana ndi zisindikizo, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndikuthandizira kutaya kutentha.
Zisindikizo zamakina zimatha kuthana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakumwa, kukhuthala, kupsinjika, ndi kutentha. Komabe, chisindikizo chamakina sichiyenera kuuma. Ubwino waukulu wa makina otsekera ndi chakuti shaft yoyendetsera ndi kabati si gawo la njira yotsekera (monga momwe zilili ndi zotsekera zopakira ndi milomo) ndipo sizingawonongeke.
Zisindikizo ziwiri
Zisindikizo ziwirizi zimagwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina zomwe zimayikidwa kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo (Chithunzi 4). Malo omwe ali mkati mwa magulu awiri a nkhope zosindikizira amatha kupanikizika ndi madzi otchinga kuti filimu yomwe ili pankhope zotchinga ikhale yofunikira pa mafuta osati chotchinga chomwe chikupopedwa. Madzi otchinga ayeneranso kugwirizana ndi chotchinga chopopedwa. Zisindikizo ziwirizi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kufunika kwa kupanikizika ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kuteteza antchito, zigawo zakunja ndi malo ozungulira ku zakumwa zoopsa, zoopsa kapena zoyaka.
Zisindikizo za tandem
Zisindikizo zolumikizana zimafanana ndi zisindikizo ziwiri koma magulu awiri a zisindikizo zamakanika amayang'ana mbali imodzi osati kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Chisindikizo cha mbali ya chinthu chokhacho chimazungulira mumadzimadzi opopedwa koma kutuluka m'maso mwa zisindikizo pamapeto pake kumadetsa mafuta oletsa. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo pa chisindikizo cha mbali ya mlengalenga ndi malo ozungulira.
Zisindikizo za katiriji
Chisindikizo cha katiriji ndi phukusi lopangidwa kale la zigawo zomangira zamakina. Kupanga katiriji kumathetsa mavuto okhazikitsa monga kufunika koyesa ndikukhazikitsa kupsinjika kwa kasupe. Nkhope za chisindikizo zimatetezedwanso ku kuwonongeka panthawi yokhazikitsa. Pakupanga, chisindikizo cha katiriji chingakhale chokhazikika chimodzi, chachiwiri kapena chachiwiri chomwe chili mkati mwa gland ndikumangidwa pa chikwama.
Zisindikizo zotchinga mpweya.
Izi ndi mipando iwiri yofanana ndi katiriji yokhala ndi nkhope zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga, m'malo mwa madzi odzola omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Nkhope zotsekera zitha kulekanitsidwa kapena kusungidwa momasuka panthawi yogwira ntchito posintha mphamvu ya mpweya. Mpweya wochepa ukhoza kutuluka mu chinthucho ndi mlengalenga.
Chidule
Zisindikizo za shaft zimaletsa madzi kutuluka mu shaft yozungulira kapena yobwerezabwereza ya pampu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira zingapo zotsekera: zopakira, zisindikizo za milomo, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zisindikizo zamakanika - chimodzi, ziwiri komanso zotsatizana kuphatikiza zisindikizo za katiriji.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-18-2023