Mu gawo la makina a mafakitale, kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zozungulira ndi mapampu ndi zolondola ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zisindikizo zamakina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakusunga ungwiro uwu popewa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kusunga madzi. M'munda wapaderawu, pali makonzedwe awiri akuluakulu: amodzi ndizisindikizo ziwiri zamakinaMtundu uliwonse umapereka zabwino zosiyanasiyana ndipo umakwaniritsa zosowa zinazake zogwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zazikulu pakati pa njira ziwirizi zotsekera, pofotokoza momwe zimagwirira ntchito, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso ubwino wake.
Kodi ndi chiyaniChisindikizo Chimodzi cha Makina?
Chisindikizo chimodzi chamakina chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu—chozungulira ndinkhope zosindikizira zosasuntha. Nkhope yozungulira imalumikizidwa ku shaft yozungulira pomwe nkhope yosasuntha imakhazikika pa pompu. Nkhope ziwirizi zimakankhira pamodzi ndi makina a kasupe omwe amawathandiza kupanga chisindikizo cholimba chomwe chimaletsa madzi kutuluka m'shaft.
Zipangizo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka malo awa zimasiyana, ndipo zosankha zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, ceramic, kapena carbon, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa kutengera mawonekedwe a madzi a ndondomekoyi ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito monga kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi kuyanjana kwa mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, filimu yopaka mafuta ya madzi opompedwa nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa nkhope za chisindikizo kuti ichepetse kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika—chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wautali.
Zisindikizo zamakina amodzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poika chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi komwe sikubweretsa mavuto aakulu pa chitetezo kapena kuwononga chilengedwe. Kapangidwe kake kosavuta kamalola kuti kuyikako kukhale kosavuta komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zoyambira poyerekeza ndi njira zovuta zotsekera. Kusunga zisindikizo izi kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndikusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti tipewe kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwabwinobwino.
M'malo omwe njira zotsekera sizimavuta kwambiri—komwe kulibe madzi amphamvu kapena oopsa—zotsekera zamakina imodzi zimapereka mphamvu yogwira ntchitokusindikiza njirazimathandiza kuti zipangizo zikhale ndi moyo wautali komanso kuti njira zosamalira zikhale zosavuta.
Kufotokozera kwa Mbali
Zigawo Zoyamba Nkhope yozungulira ya chisindikizo (pa shaft), Nkhope yosasunthika ya chisindikizo (pa pompu)
Zipangizo: Silicon carbide, Tungsten carbide, Ceramic, Carbon
Makina odzaza ndi masika okhala ndi nkhope zokankhira pamodzi
Seal Interface Filimu yamadzimadzi pakati pa nkhope
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kawirikawiri Madzi/njira zochepa zoopsa zomwe chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi chimakhala chochepa
Ubwino Kapangidwe kosavuta; Kukhazikitsa kosavuta; Mtengo wotsika
Zofunikira pa Kukonza Kuyang'anira pafupipafupi; Kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi
chisindikizo cha makina cha kasupe umodzi e1705135534757
Kodi Chisindikizo Chamakina Awiri N'chiyani?
Chisindikizo cha makina awiri chimakhala ndi zisindikizo ziwiri zokonzedwa motsatizana, chomwe chimatchedwanso chisindikizo cha makina awiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka kusungidwa bwino kwa madzi omwe akutsekedwa. Zisindikizo ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kutuluka kwa zinthu kungakhale koopsa ku chilengedwe kapena chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, komwe madzi opangidwa ndi njira ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amafunika kusungidwa, kapena komwe madziwo ndi ovuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito ndipo amatha kuuma kapena kuuma akakhudzana ndi mlengalenga.
Zisindikizo zamakina izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chisindikizo chamkati ndi chakunja. Chisindikizo chamkati chimasunga chinthucho mkati mwa pompu pomwe chisindikizo chakunja chimakhala ngati chotchinga chowonjezera chitetezo ndi kudalirika. Zisindikizo ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimafuna madzi osungira pakati pawo, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mafuta komanso choziziritsira kuti achepetse kutentha kwa kukangana - kukulitsa moyo wa zisindikizo zonse ziwiri.
Madzi otsekereza amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe awiri: osapanikizika (omwe amadziwika kuti madzi otchinga) kapena opanikizika. M'makina otsekereza, ngati chisindikizo chamkati chalephera, sipayenera kukhala kutuluka kwa madzi nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chisindikizo chakunja chimasungabe mpaka kukonza kutatha. Kuyang'anira madzi otchinga awa nthawi ndi nthawi kumathandiza kuneneratu momwe chisindikizocho chikuyendera komanso nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera kwa Mbali
Mkangano Wotseka Mokwanira
Kapangidwe ka Zisindikizo ziwiri zokonzedwa motsatizana
Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Malo oopsa; kusunga madzi okwera mtengo; kusamalira madzi ovuta
Ubwino: Chitetezo chowonjezereka; kuchepetsa mwayi wotayikira; mwina kumawonjezera nthawi ya moyo
Kufunika kwa Madzi Othira Madzi Kungakhale kosapanikizika (madzi otchinga) kapena kupanikizika
Chitetezo Chimapereka nthawi yokonza zinthu zisanatayike pambuyo poti zalephera
chisindikizo cha makina awiri 500×500 1
Mitundu ya Zisindikizo Zamakina Ziwiri
Makonzedwe awiri a makina osindikizira apangidwa kuti athetse mavuto ovuta kwambiri osindikizira kuposa ma makina amodzi osindikizira. Makonzedwe amenewa akuphatikizapo makonzedwe ozungulirana, maso ndi maso komanso a tandem, chilichonse chili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ntchito yake yosiyana.
1. Chisindikizo Chamakina Chakumbuyo Kumbuyo
Chisindikizo cha makina awiri kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo chimakhala ndi zisindikizo ziwiri zokhazikika kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo. Mtundu uwu wa chisindikizo umapangidwira ntchito zinazake pomwe njira yotchinga madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zisindikizo kuti ipereke mafuta ndikuchotsa kutentha kulikonse komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukangana.
Mu dongosolo la kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, chisindikizo chamkati chimagwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana ndi ya chinthu chomwe chikutsekedwa, pomwe gwero lakunja limapereka chisindikizo chakunja ndi madzi otchinga pamphamvu yayikulu. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala kupanikizika kwabwino motsutsana ndi mbali zonse ziwiri za chisindikizo; motero, kuletsa madzi opangidwa kuti asatuluke m'chilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka chisindikizo cha kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kungathandize makina omwe kupanikizika kobwerera m'mbuyo ndi vuto kapena kusunga filimu yopaka mafuta nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuuma. Ndi oyenera makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti makina otsekera ndi odalirika komanso akhalitsa. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kolimba, amaperekanso chitetezo chowonjezera ku kutembenuka kosayembekezereka kwa mphamvu ya makina komwe kungawononge umphumphu wa chisindikizo chimodzi chamakina.
Chisindikizo cha makina awiri choyang'anizana, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti tandem seal, chapangidwa ndi nkhope ziwiri zotsutsana zoyimitsidwa kuti zisindikizo zamkati ndi zakunja zigwirizane kudzera m'maso awo athyathyathya. Mtundu uwu wa njira yosindikizira ndi wothandiza kwambiri pogwira ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yapakati pomwe madzi pakati pa zisindikizo amafunika kuwongoleredwa ndipo akhoza kukhala oopsa ngati atatuluka.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito chisindikizo cha makina awiri choyang'anizana ndi maso ndi kuthekera kwake kuletsa madzi oyendetsera ntchito kuti asatuluke m'chilengedwe. Mwa kupanga chotchinga chokhala ndi chotchinga kapena madzi otchinga pakati pa zisindikizo ziwiri zopapatiza pansi pa kupsinjika kochepa kuposa madzi oyendetsera ntchito, kutayikira kulikonse kumayenda kupita kuderali ndipo kutali ndi kutuluka kwakunja.
Kapangidwe kake kamalola kuyang'anira momwe madzi otchingira alili, zomwe ndizofunikira pakukonza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidalirika pakapita nthawi. Popeza njira zomwe zingatulukire zimapita kunja (mbali ya mlengalenga) kapena mkati (mbali ya njira), kutengera kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuzindikira kutayikira mosavuta kuposa momwe amakhalira ndi ma seal ena.
Ubwino wina ndi wokhudzana ndi nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito; mitundu iyi ya zisindikizo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi moyo wautali chifukwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka mumadzimadzi a processing sitiwononga kwambiri malo otsekera chifukwa cha malo awo komanso chifukwa chakuti amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa madzi osungira.
3. Zisindikizo Zamakina Zamgwirizano
Zisindikizo ziwiri za tandem, kapena zomangira ziwiri zoyang'anizana, ndi zomangira zomangira pomwe zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina zimakonzedwa motsatizana. Dongosololi limapereka mulingo wodalirika komanso wosunga bwino poyerekeza ndi zisindikizo chimodzi. Chisindikizo chachikulu chili pafupi kwambiri ndi chinthu chomwe chikutsekedwa, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga chachikulu kuti chisatuluke. Chisindikizo chachiwiri chimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa chisindikizo chachikulu ndipo chimagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chowonjezera.
Chisindikizo chilichonse mkati mwa dongosolo la tandem chimagwira ntchito paokha; izi zimatsimikizira kuti ngati chisindikizo choyamba chalephera, chisindikizo chachiwiri chimakhala ndi madzi. Zisindikizo za tandem nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi madzi osungira omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotsika kuposa madzi osungira omwe ali pakati pa zisindikizo zonse ziwiri. Madzi osungira awa amagwira ntchito ngati mafuta odzola komanso oziziritsa, amachepetsa kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhope za chisindikizo.
Kuti zisindikizo ziwiri za tandem zigwire ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi njira zothandizira zoyenera kuwongolera chilengedwe chozungulira. Gwero lakunja limayang'anira kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi osungira, pomwe makina owunikira amatsata momwe zisindikizo zimagwirira ntchito kuti athetse mavuto aliwonse mosakonzekera.
Kapangidwe ka tandem kamawonjezera chitetezo cha ntchito mwa kupereka kuchulukirachulukira kwa madzi komanso kuchepetsa zoopsa zokhudzana ndi madzi oopsa kapena oopsa. Mwa kukhala ndi chosungira chodalirika ngati chisindikizo choyamba chalephera, zisindikizo ziwiri zamakaniko zimagwira ntchito bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito molimbika, kuonetsetsa kuti sizikutayikira kwambiri komanso kutsatira miyezo yokhwima ya chilengedwe.
Kusiyana Pakati pa Zisindikizo Zamakina Zimodzi ndi Ziwiri
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zisindikizo zamakina chimodzi ndi ziwiri ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusankha ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale. Zisindikizo zamakina chimodzi zimakhala ndi malo awiri athyathyathya omwe amatsetsereka, chimodzi cholumikizidwa ku chivundikiro cha zida ndi china cholumikizidwa ku shaft yozungulira, ndi filimu yamadzimadzi yomwe imapereka mafuta. Mitundu iyi ya zisindikizo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe kulibe nkhawa yayikulu yotulutsa madzi kapena komwe kungathe kuthetsedwa mosavuta pogwira ntchito yotulutsa madzi pang'ono.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina zimapangidwa ndi zisindikizo ziwiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezera ku kutuluka kwa madzi. Kapangidwe kake kakuphatikizapo chosindikizira chamkati ndi chakunja: chosindikizira chamkati chimasunga chinthucho mkati mwa pampu kapena chosakanizira pomwe chosindikizira chakunja chimaletsa zodetsa zakunja kuti zisalowe ndipo chimakhala ndi madzi aliwonse omwe angatuluke mu chosindikizira choyamba. Zisindikizo ziwiri zamakina zimakondedwa m'mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa, zoopsa, kuthamanga kwambiri, kapena zoyera chifukwa zimapereka kudalirika kwakukulu komanso chitetezo pochepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe komanso kuwonekera.
Chofunika kudziwa ndichakuti ma seal awiri amakanika amafunika njira yothandizira yovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo njira yotetezera kapena yotchingira madzi. Kukhazikitsa kumeneku kumathandiza kusunga kusiyana kwa kuthamanga m'magawo osiyanasiyana a seal ndipo kumapereka kuziziritsa kapena kutentha ngati pakufunika kutero kutengera momwe zinthu zilili.
Pomaliza
Pomaliza, chisankho pakati pa zisindikizo zamakina chimodzi ndi ziwiri ndi chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimadalira zinthu zingapo kuphatikizapo mtundu wa madzi omwe akutsekedwa, kuganizira za chilengedwe, ndi zofunikira pakusamalira. Zisindikizo chimodzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kusamalira, pomwe zisindikizo ziwiri zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira kwa ogwira ntchito komanso chilengedwe pogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoopsa kapena zankhanza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-18-2024