Zofunika Kuganizira Zosankha Zisindikizo - Kukhazikitsa Zisindikizo Zamakina Zapamwamba

Makonzedwe atatu a zisindikizo zamakanika ndizisindikizo ziwirikomwe dzenje lamadzimadzi pakati pa zisindikizo limasungidwa pamphamvu yoposa mphamvu ya chipinda chosindikizira. Pakapita nthawi, makampaniwa apanga njira zingapo zopangira malo opanikizika kwambiri ofunikira pa zisindikizo izi. Njirazi zimawonetsedwa mu mapulani a mapaipi a chisindikizo cha makina. Ngakhale mapulani ambiriwa amagwira ntchito zofanana, mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito a chilichonse akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndipo adzakhudza mbali zonse za dongosolo losindikizira.

Ndondomeko ya Mapaipi 53B, monga momwe API 682 yafotokozera, ndi ndondomeko ya mapaipi yomwe imakanikiza madzi otchinga ndi chosungira chikhodzodzo chodzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni. Chikhodzodzo chopanikizika chimagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa madzi otchinga, ndikukanikiza dongosolo lonse lotsekera. Chikhodzodzo chimaletsa kukhudzana mwachindunji pakati pa mpweya wopanikizika ndi madzi otchinga kuti mpweya usalowe m'madzi. Izi zimathandiza kuti Ndondomeko ya Mapaipi 53B igwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa Ndondomeko ya Mapaipi 53A. Kudziyimira pawokha kwa chosungirako kumachotsanso kufunikira kwa nayitrogeni nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo akhale abwino kwambiri poyika zinthu patali.

Komabe, ubwino wa chosungira chikhodzodzo umachepetsedwa ndi zina mwa makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a dongosololi. Kupanikizika kwa Pulogalamu ya Mapaipi 53B kumatsimikiziridwa mwachindunji ndi kupanikizika kwa mpweya mu chikhodzodzo. Kupanikizika kumeneku kumatha kusintha kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo.

Chikhodzodzo chomwe chili mu accumulator chiyenera kuyikidwapo chaji chisanalowetsedwe mu dongosolo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko a mawerengedwe onse amtsogolo ndi matanthauzidwe a momwe makina amagwirira ntchito. Kupanikizika kwenikweni komwe kumayambira pa precharge kumadalira kuthamanga kwa ntchito ya dongosololi komanso kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha madzi olepheretsa mu accumulator. Kupanikizika komwe kumayambira pa precharge kumadaliranso kutentha kwa mpweya mu chikhodzodzo. Dziwani: kuthamanga kwa pre-charge kumakhazikitsidwa kokha pamene dongosololi likuyamba kugwira ntchito ndipo sikudzasinthidwa panthawi yomwe likugwira ntchito.

Kupanikizika kwa mpweya mu chikhodzodzo kumasiyana malinga ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsatira kutentha kwa malo ozungulira pamalo oyikapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito m'madera omwe kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nyengo kumakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu dongosolo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Oletsa KutsekekaPa nthawi yogwira ntchito, ma seal a makinawa amadya madzi otchinga kudzera mu kutuluka kwabwinobwino kwa seal. Madzi otchinga awa amadzazidwanso ndi madzi omwe ali mu accumulator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya mu chikhodzodzo uchuluke komanso kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa dongosolo. Kusinthaku kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa accumulator, kuchuluka kwa kutuluka kwa seal, komanso nthawi yofunikira yosamalira dongosolo (monga masiku 28).

Kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa makina ndiyo njira yayikulu yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatsatira momwe chisindikizo chimagwirira ntchito. Kuthamanga kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma alarm okonza ndi kuzindikira kulephera kwa chisindikizo. Komabe, kuthamanga kwa magetsi kumasintha nthawi zonse pamene makinawo akugwira ntchito. Kodi wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyika bwanji kuthamanga kwa magetsi mu dongosolo la Plan 53B? Kodi ndi liti pamene pakufunika kuwonjezera madzi otchinga? Kodi madzi ochulukirapo ayenera kuwonjezeredwa?

Mawerengedwe oyamba ofalitsidwa kwambiri aukadaulo a dongosolo la Plan 53B adawonekera mu API 682 Fourth Edition. Annex F imapereka malangizo atsatanetsatane amomwe mungadziwire kupsinjika ndi kuchuluka kwa dongosolo la mapaipi awa. Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za API 682 ndikupanga nameplate yokhazikika ya ma abcumulators a chikhodzodzo (API 682 Fourth Edition, Table 10). Nameplate iyi ili ndi tebulo lomwe limatenga kukakamizidwa koyambirira, kudzazidwanso, ndi alamu kwa dongosololi pamlingo wa kutentha kozungulira pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito. Dziwani: tebulo lomwe lili mu standard ndi chitsanzo chabe ndipo mitengo yeniyeni idzasintha kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito inayake yamunda.

Limodzi mwa malingaliro ofunikira a Chithunzi 2 ndilakuti Mapulani a Mapaipi 53B akuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito mosalekeza popanda kusintha kuthamanga koyambirira kwa pre-charge. Palinso lingaliro lakuti makinawa akhoza kukhudzidwa ndi kutentha konse kwa nthawi yochepa. Izi zili ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa kapangidwe ka makinawa ndipo zimafuna kuti makinawa azigwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthamanga kwakukulu kuposa mapulani ena a mapaipi awiri omatira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito Chithunzi 2 ngati chitsanzo, chitsanzo cha pulogalamuyi chimayikidwa pamalo pomwe kutentha kwapakati pa -17°C (1°F) ndi 70°C (158°F). Kumapeto kwa mzerewu kumawoneka ngati kwakukulu kwambiri, koma kumaphatikizaponso zotsatira za kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa accumulator yomwe imakumana ndi dzuwa mwachindunji. Mizere yomwe ili patebulo ikuyimira nthawi ya kutentha pakati pa mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ndi yotsika kwambiri.

Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito makinawa, amawonjezera mphamvu ya madzi otchingira mpaka mphamvu yodzaza ifike pa kutentha komwe kulipo. Kupanikizika kwa alamu ndi mphamvu yomwe imasonyeza kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuwonjezera madzi otchingira. Pa 25°C (77°F), wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzachaja accumulator pasadakhale mpaka pa 30.3 bar (440 PSIG), alamu idzayikidwa pa 30.7 bar (445 PSIG), ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzawonjezera madzi otchingira mpaka mphamvu ifike pa 37.9 bar (550 PSIG). Ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga kwatsika kufika pa 0°C (32°F), ndiye kuti mphamvu ya alamu idzatsika kufika pa 28.1 bar (408 PSIG) ndipo mphamvu yodzazanso idzafika pa 34.7 bar (504 PSIG).

Munkhaniyi, mphamvu ya alamu ndi kudzazanso zonse zimasintha, kapena kuyandama, poyankha kutentha kwa malo ozungulira. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa njira yoyandama yoyandama. Alamu ndi kudzazanso zonse "kuyandama." Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zochepa zogwirira ntchito pa makina otsekera. Komabe, izi zimayika zofunikira ziwiri kwa wogwiritsa ntchito; kudziwa mphamvu yoyenera ya alamu ndi kudzazanso mphamvu. Kuthamanga kwa alamu pamakina ndi ntchito ya kutentha ndipo ubalewu uyenera kukonzedwa mu dongosolo la DCS la wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuthamanga kwa kudzazanso kudzadaliranso kutentha kwa malo ozungulira, kotero wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzafunika kuyang'ana dzina la chizindikiro kuti apeze mphamvu yoyenera ya momwe zinthu zilili pano.

Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amafuna njira yosavuta ndipo amafuna njira yomwe mphamvu ya alamu ndi mphamvu yodzazanso zimakhala zosasintha (kapena zosasinthika) komanso zosadalira kutentha kwa mlengalenga. Njira yokhazikika imapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu imodzi yokha yodzazanso makinawo ndipo ndi mtengo wokhawo woti asokoneze makinawo. Mwatsoka, vutoli liyenera kuganiza kuti kutentha kuli pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa mawerengedwewo amalipira kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mlengalenga kuchoka pa kutentha kwakukulu kufika pa kutentha kochepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito pa kupsinjika kwakukulu. Mu ntchito zina, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika kungayambitse kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka chisindikizo kapena ma MAWP ratings a zigawo zina za makina kuti zithetse kupsinjika kwakukulu.

Ogwiritsa ntchito ena adzagwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanikirana yokhala ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya alamu komanso mphamvu yodzazanso yoyandama. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito pomwe zikupangitsa kuti makonda a alamu akhale osavuta. Chisankho cha njira yoyenera ya alamu chiyenera kupangidwa pokhapokha mutaganizira momwe ntchitoyo ilili, kutentha komwe kuli mlengalenga, komanso zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira.

Pali kusintha kwina pa kapangidwe ka Piping Plan 53B komwe kungathandize kuchepetsa mavuto ena. Kutentha kuchokera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa kumatha kuwonjezera kutentha kwakukulu kwa accumulator powerengera mapangidwe. Kuyika accumulator mumthunzi kapena kupanga chishango cha dzuwa cha accumulator kumatha kuchotsa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwakukulu pakuwerengera.

Mu mafotokozedwe omwe ali pamwambapa, mawu akuti kutentha kwa mpweya m'chikhodzodzo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira kutentha kwa mpweya m'chikhodzodzo. Pakakhala kutentha kokhazikika kapena kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha, izi ndi lingaliro lomveka bwino. Ngati pali kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa mpweya pakati pa usana ndi usiku, kutchinjiriza chotulutsira mpweya kumatha kuchepetsa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa chikhodzodzo komwe kumabweretsa kutentha kokhazikika.

Njira iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kutsata kutentha ndi kutchinjiriza kutentha pa accumulator. Izi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, accumulator idzagwira ntchito pa kutentha komweko mosasamala kanthu za kusintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena nyengo ya kutentha kwa mlengalenga. Mwina iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira kapangidwe kake m'malo omwe kutentha kumasinthasintha kwambiri. Njira iyi ili ndi maziko akuluakulu okhazikika m'munda ndipo yalola kuti Plan 53B igwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo omwe sakanatheka ndi kutsata kutentha.

Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito Mapaipi 53B ayenera kudziwa kuti dongosolo la mapaipi awa si dongosolo la mapaipi 53A lokha lokhala ndi chosungira. Pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya kapangidwe ka dongosolo, kuyambika, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza kwa Dongosolo 53B ndi yapadera pa dongosolo la mapaipi awa. Zokhumudwitsa zambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akumana nazo zimachokera pakusamvetsetsa dongosololi. Ma OEM a Seal amatha kukonzekera kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa ntchito inayake ndipo angapereke maziko ofunikira kuti athandize wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kufotokoza bwino ndikuyendetsa dongosololi.