Pali zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunikira kusindikiza shaft yozungulira yomwe imadutsa mnyumba yoyima. Zitsanzo ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndi mapampu ndi zosakaniza (kapena zoyambitsa). Ngakhale maziko
mfundo zosindikizira zida zosiyanasiyana ndizofanana, pali kusiyana komwe kumafunikira mayankho osiyanasiyana. Kusamvetsetsana kumeneku kwadzetsa mikangano monga kukopa American Petroleum Institute
(API) 682 (pampu mechanical seal standard) pofotokoza zisindikizo za osakaniza. Poganizira zosindikizira zamakina pamapampu motsutsana ndi osakaniza, pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Mwachitsanzo, mapampu oponderezedwa amakhala ndi mtunda waufupi (womwe umayezedwa mwa mainchesi) kuchokera pa choyikapocho kupita ku ma radial bearing poyerekeza ndi chosakanizira chapamwamba chapamwamba (chomwe chimayezedwa pamapazi).
Mtunda wautali wosachiritsikawu umapangitsa kuti pakhale nsanja yosakhazikika yokhala ndi ma radial runout, perpendicular misalignment ndi eccentricity kuposa mapampu. Kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi kumabweretsa zovuta zina zamapangidwe a zisindikizo zamakina. Nanga bwanji ngati kupatuka kwa shaft kunali kowala? Kupanga chisindikizo chamtunduwu kutha kutheka mosavuta powonjezera malo olowera pakati pa zinthu zozungulira komanso zoyima komanso kukulitsa malo othamangira kumaso. Monga mukuganizira, nkhani sizili zophweka. Kuyika pambali pa chowongolera (ma), paliponse pomwe amagona pa shaft yosakanizira, kumapereka kupatuka komwe kumatanthawuza kupyola chisindikizo mpaka kumalo oyamba a chithandizo cha shaft - chotengera cha gearbox. Chifukwa cha kutembenuka kwa shaft pamodzi ndi kuyenda kwa pendulum, kupatukako sikuli ntchito yofananira.
Izi zidzakhala ndi chigawo cha radial ndi angular kwa icho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti perpendicular misalignment pa chisindikizo chomwe chingayambitse mavuto kwa chisindikizo cha makina. Kupatukako kumatha kuwerengedwa ngati zofunikira za shaft ndi shaft loading zimadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, API 682 imanena kuti kutembenuka kwa shaft kumaso kwa chisindikizo cha mpope kuyenera kukhala kofanana kapena kuchepera pa 0.002 mainchesi owerengeka owerengedwa (TIR) pazovuta kwambiri. Miyezo yokhazikika pa chosakaniza cholowera pamwamba ndi pakati pa 0.03 mpaka 0.150 mainchesi TIR. Mavuto mkati mwa chisindikizo cha makina omwe amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kupindika kwambiri kwa shaft amaphatikizanso kuvala kwa zida zosindikizira, zida zozungulira zomwe zimalumikizana ndi zida zoyima, kugudubuza ndi kukanikiza kwa mphete ya O-ring (kupangitsa kulephera kwa O-ring kapena kupachika nkhope. ). Zonsezi zitha kupangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wocheperako. Chifukwa cha kusuntha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika mu zosakaniza, zisindikizo zamakina zimatha kuwonetsa kutayikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zofanana.pompa zisindikizo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti chisindikizocho chikokedwe mosayenera komanso / kapena ngakhale kulephera msanga ngati sichikuyang'aniridwa bwino.
Pali zochitika mukamagwira ntchito limodzi ndi opanga zida ndikumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka zida komwe chinthu chogubuduza chimatha kuphatikizidwa m'makatiriji osindikizira kuti achepetse ma angularity pankhope zosindikizira ndikuchepetsa mavutowa. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito mtundu woyenerera wa kunyamula ndi kuti zonyamula zomwe zingatheke zimvetsetsedwe bwino kapena vuto likhoza kukulirakulira kapena kuyambitsa vuto linanso, ndikuwonjezerapo. Ogulitsa Zisindikizo ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi OEM ndi opanga zonyamula kuti awonetsetse kuti amapangidwa bwino.
Zosakaniza zosindikizira zimakhala zothamanga kwambiri (5 mpaka 300 kasinthasintha pamphindi [rpm]) ndipo sangagwiritse ntchito njira zachikhalidwe kuti madzi oletsa madzi azikhala ozizira. Mwachitsanzo, mu Plan 53A ya zisindikizo ziwiri, kuzungulira kwamadzimadzi kumaperekedwa ndi chinthu chamkati chopopera ngati screw axial pumping. Chovuta ndichakuti popopera kumadalira liwiro la zida kuti lipangitse kuyenda komanso kuthamanga komwe kumasakanikirana sikuli kokwanira kupanga mitengo yothamanga. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kutentha kwa seal face sizomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwamadzimadzi kukwera mu achosakanizira chisindikizo. Ndi kutentha kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku ndondomeko yomwe ingayambitse kutentha kwa madzi otchinga chotchinga komanso kupanga zigawo zochepa zosindikizira, nkhope ndi elastomers, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zingawonongeke ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Zigawo zapansi zosindikizira, monga nkhope zosindikizira ndi O-rings, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa ndondomekoyi. Si kutentha komwe kumawononga mwachindunji nkhope za chisindikizo koma kuchepetsedwa kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, motero, kutsekemera kwamadzimadzi otchinga pankhope zapansi zosindikizira. Mafuta osakwanira amawononga nkhope chifukwa chokhudzana. Mapangidwe ena amatha kuphatikizidwa mu katiriji yosindikizira kuti kutentha kwa zotchingira kukhale kotsika komanso kuteteza zida zosindikizira.
Zisindikizo zamakina zosakaniza zimatha kupangidwa ndi ma coil ozizira mkati kapena ma jekete omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi madzi otchinga. Mawonekedwewa ndi njira yotsekedwa, yochepetsetsa, yotsika kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi madzi ozizira omwe amayendayenda kudzera mwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito ngati chotenthetsera kutentha. Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito spool yozizira mu katiriji yosindikizira pakati pa zigawo zapansi zosindikizira ndi zida zoyika pamwamba. Chitsime chozizirirapo ndi chibowo chomwe madzi ozizirira ochepa amatha kudutsamo kuti apange chotchinga chotchinga pakati pa chisindikizo ndi chombo kuti achepetse kutentha. Chozizira chopangidwa bwino chimatha kuteteza kutentha kwambiri komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwasindikiza nkhopendi elastomers. Kutentha kwamadzi chifukwa cha njirayi kumapangitsa kutentha kwamadzimadzi kukwera m'malo mwake.
Mapangidwe awiriwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kapena payekhapayekha kuti athandizire kuwongolera kutentha pa chisindikizo cha makina. Nthawi zambiri, zisindikizo zamakina zosakaniza zimatchulidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi API 682, 4th Edition Gulu 1, ngakhale makinawa satsatira zofunikira pakupanga mu API 610/682 mwamachitidwe, dimensionally ndi/kapena makina. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito omaliza amadziwa bwino komanso omasuka ndi API 682 ngati chisindikizo ndipo sadziwa zina mwazinthu zamakampani zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina / zisindikizo izi. Process Viwanda Practices (PIP) ndi Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN) ndi miyeso iwiri yamakampani yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pamitundu iyi ya zidindo-miyezo ya DIN 28138/28154 idatchulidwira kale ma OEM osakaniza ku Europe, ndipo PIP RESM003 yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunika chapadera cha zisindikizo zamakina pazida zosakaniza. Kunja kwa izi, kulibe miyezo yamakampani yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, yomwe imatsogolera kumitundu ingapo ya chipinda chosindikizira, kulolerana kwa makina, kupatuka kwa shaft, mapangidwe a gearbox, makonzedwe amtundu, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimasiyana kuchokera ku OEM kupita ku OEM.
Malo omwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali komanso makampani ake amasankha kuti ndi iti mwazinthuzi zomwe zingakhale zoyenera patsamba lawomakina osakaniza zisindikizo. Kutchula API 682 ya chosindikizira chosakaniza kungakhale ndalama zowonjezera zosafunikira komanso zovuta. Ngakhale kuli kotheka kuphatikizira chisindikizo chofunikira cha API 682 mu kasinthidwe ka chosakanizira, njira iyi nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kusokonekera potsatira kutsatira API 682 komanso kuyenera kwa kapangidwe kazosakaniza. Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa mndandanda wazosiyana pakati pa API 682 Gulu 1 chisindikizo motsutsana ndi chisindikizo cha makina osakaniza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2023