Zisindikizo zamakinazimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popewa kutayikira kwa mafakitale ambiri osiyanasiyana. Mu mafakitale apanyanja alipompope makina zisindikizo, makina osindikizira a shaft ozungulira. Ndipo mumakampani amafuta ndi gasi alipomakina osindikizira a cartridge,kugawa zisindikizo zamakina kapena zisindikizo zamakina owuma. M'mafakitale amagalimoto muli zisindikizo zamakina amadzi. Ndipo mumakampani opanga mankhwala pali zosindikizira zamakina osakaniza (agitator mechanical seals) ndi zisindikizo zamakina a compressor.
Kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana, pamafunika njira yosindikizira yamakina yokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yambiri yazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakina shaft zisindikizo monga ceramic mechanical seals, carbon mechanical seals, Silicone carbide mechanical seals,SSIC makina osindikizira ndiTC makina osindikizira.
Zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic
Zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic ndizofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale osiyanasiyana, opangidwa kuti aletse kutayikira kwamadzi pakati pa malo awiri, monga shaft yozungulira ndi nyumba yoyima. Zisindikizo izi zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chosavala bwino, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kupirira kutentha kwambiri.
Ntchito yayikulu ya zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic ndikusunga kukhulupirika kwa zida popewa kutaya madzi kapena kuipitsidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikiza mafuta ndi gasi, kukonza mankhwala, kukonza madzi, mankhwala, ndi kukonza chakudya. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa zisindikizozi kungabwere chifukwa cha zomangamanga zolimba; amapangidwa kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba za ceramic zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zida zina zosindikizira.
Zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic zimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: imodzi ndi nkhope yosasunthika (yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zinthu za ceramic), ndipo ina ndi nkhope yozungulira yozungulira (yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku carbon graphite). Kusindikiza kumachitika pamene nkhope zonse ziwiri zapanikizidwa pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya masika, kupanga chotchinga chothandiza kuti madzi asatayike. Pamene zida zimagwira ntchito, filimu yopaka mafuta pakati pa nkhope zosindikizira imachepetsa kukangana ndi kuvala ndikusunga chisindikizo cholimba.
Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chimasiyanitsa zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic ndi mitundu ina ndikukaniza kwawo kuvala. Zida za Ceramic zimakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimawalola kupirira mikhalidwe yopweteka popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Izi zimabweretsa zisindikizo zokhalitsa zomwe zimafuna kusinthidwa kapena kukonzedwa pafupipafupi kusiyana ndi zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zofewa.
Kuphatikiza pa kukana kuvala, ma ceramics amasonyezanso kukhazikika kwapadera kwa kutentha. Amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda kuwonongeka kapena kutaya mphamvu zawo zosindikizira. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazotentha kwambiri pomwe zida zina zosindikizira zitha kulephera msanga.
Pomaliza, zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic zimapereka kuyanjana kwabwino kwamankhwala, kukana zinthu zowononga zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chokongola m'mafakitale omwe nthawi zonse amalimbana ndi mankhwala owopsa komanso madzi owopsa.
Zisindikizo zamakina a ceramic ndizofunikirachigawo zisindikizoopangidwa kuti aletse kutayikira kwamadzi mu zida zamafakitale. Makhalidwe awo apadera, monga kukana kuvala, kukhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kuyanjana ndi mankhwala, zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chokondedwa pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana m'mafakitale angapo.
| katundu wa ceramic | ||||
| Technical parameter | unit | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Kuchulukana | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Kuuma | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Porosity mlingo | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Fractural mphamvu | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Coefficient of kutentha kutentha | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Thermal conductivity | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Makina osindikizira a carbon
Makina a carbon seal ali ndi mbiri yakale. Graphite ndi isoform ya element carbon. Mu 1971, United States anaphunzira bwino kusintha graphite makina kusindikiza zakuthupi, amene anathetsa kutayikira atomiki mphamvu valavu. Pambuyo pokonza kwambiri, graphite yosinthika imakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosindikizira, chomwe chimapangidwa kukhala zisindikizo zosiyanasiyana zamakina a carbon ndi zotsatira za kusindikiza zigawo. Zisindikizo za carbon mechanical izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a mankhwala, mafuta, magetsi, monga kutentha kwamadzimadzi.
Chifukwa graphite kusintha aumbike ndi kukula kwa kukodzedwa graphite pambuyo kutentha, kuchuluka kwa intercalating wothandizira otsala mu graphite kusinthasintha ndi laling'ono kwambiri, koma osati kwathunthu, kotero kukhalapo ndi zikuchokera intercalation wothandizila ndi chikoka chachikulu pa khalidwe. ndi kachitidwe ka mankhwala.
Kusankhidwa kwa Carbon Seal face Material
Woyambitsa woyambirira adagwiritsa ntchito sulfuric acid ngati oxidant ndi intercalating agent. Komabe, atagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chisindikizo cha chigawo chachitsulo, sulfure pang'ono yotsalira mu graphite yosinthika inapezeka kuti iwononge zitsulo zolumikizana pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yaitali. Polingalira mfundo imeneyi, akatswiri ena apakhomo ayesa kuwongolera, monga Song Kemin amene anasankha acetic acid ndi organic acid m’malo mwa sulfuric acid. asidi, yochedwa mu asidi wa nitric, ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa chipinda, opangidwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha nitric acid ndi acetic acid. Pogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha nitric acid ndi acetic acid monga cholowetsamo, sulfure yopanda sulfure yowonjezera graphite inakonzedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate monga oxidant, ndipo acetic acid anawonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono ku nitric acid. Kutentha kumachepetsedwa mpaka kutentha, ndipo kusakaniza kwa nitric acid ndi acetic acid kumapangidwa. Kenako graphite yachilengedwe ya graphite ndi potaziyamu permanganate amawonjezeredwa kusakaniza. Pakugwedezeka kosalekeza, kutentha ndi 30 C. Pambuyo pochita 40min, madzi amatsuka kuti asalowerere ndi kuwuma pa 50 ~ 60 C, ndipo graphite yowonjezera imapangidwa pambuyo pa kukula kwa kutentha kwakukulu. Njirayi imakwaniritsa palibe vulcanization pansi pa chikhalidwe kuti mankhwala akhoza kufika buku lina la kukulitsa, kuti akwaniritse chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha zinthu zosindikizira.
| Mtundu | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Mtundu | Wopatsidwa pathupi | Wopatsidwa pathupi | Phenol ya Impregnated | Antimony Carbon (A) | |||||
| Kuchulukana | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Fractural Mphamvu | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Compressive Mphamvu | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Kuuma | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Kutentha | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
Silicon Carbide makina osindikizira
Silicon carbide (SiC) imadziwikanso kuti carborundum, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mchenga wa quartz, petroleum coke (kapena coke coke), tchipisi tamatabwa (zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa popanga green silicon carbide) ndi zina zotero. Silicon carbide imakhalanso ndi mchere wosowa m'chilengedwe, mabulosi. M'masiku ano C, N, B ndi zinthu zina zopanda okusayidi zapamwamba zopangira zopangira, silicon carbide ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zachuma, zomwe zitha kutchedwa mchenga wachitsulo wagolide kapena mchenga wowuma. Pakalipano, mafakitale aku China omwe amapanga silicon carbide amagawidwa kukhala silicon carbide yakuda ndi silicon carbide yobiriwira, onse omwe ali makristasi a hexagonal omwe ali ndi gawo la 3.20 ~ 3.25 ndi microhardness ya 2840 ~ 3320kg / m².
Zogulitsa za silicon carbide zimagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri kutengera malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina. Mwachitsanzo, silicon carbide ndi chinthu choyenera kusindikizira makina a silicon carbide chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri, mphamvu zambiri, kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuvala bwino, kugundana kwazing'ono komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Mphete za SIC Seal zitha kugawidwa kukhala mphete yokhazikika, mphete yosuntha, mphete yosalala ndi zina zotero. SiC pakachitsulo akhoza kupangidwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana carbide, monga pakachitsulo carbide rotary mphete, pakachitsulo carbide stationary mpando, pakachitsulo carbide chitsamba, ndi zina zotero, malinga ndi zofunika zapadera za makasitomala. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuphatikiza ndi zinthu za graphite, ndipo kugundana kwake ndi kocheperako kuposa alumina ceramic ndi aloyi yolimba, kotero ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamtengo wapamwamba wa PV, makamaka ngati asidi amphamvu ndi alkali wamphamvu.
Kukangana kocheperako kwa SIC ndi imodzi mwamaubwino oigwiritsa ntchito pazisindikizo zamakina. Chifukwa chake SIC imatha kupirira kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika bwino kuposa zida zina, kukulitsa moyo wa chisindikizo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukangana kocheperako kwa SIC kumachepetsa kufunikira kwamafuta. Kupanda kondomu kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuipitsidwa ndi dzimbiri, kukonza bwino komanso kudalirika.
SIC imakhalanso ndi kukana kwakukulu kuvala. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza popanda kuwonongeka kapena kusweka. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chimafuna kudalirika komanso kulimba.
Itha kulumikizidwanso ndikupukutidwa kuti chisindikizo chikhoza kukonzedwanso kangapo pa moyo wake wonse. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina, monga zisindikizo zamakina chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamankhwala, kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kukana kuvala bwino, kugunda kwazing'ono komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina osindikizira, silicon carbide imapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito aziyenda bwino, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa chisindikizo, kutsika mtengo wokonza, komanso kutsika mtengo kwa zida zozungulira monga ma turbines, compressor, ndi mapampu apakati. Silicon carbide imatha kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe idapangidwira. Zomwe zimamangiriridwa ndi silicon carbide zimapangidwa pomangirira tinthu tating'ono ta silicon carbide kwa wina ndi mnzake pochita.
Izi sizimakhudza kwambiri zinthu zambiri zakuthupi ndi kutentha kwa zinthu, komabe zimalepheretsa kukana kwa mankhwala. Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri omwe ali ndi vuto ndi caustics (ndi mankhwala ena apamwamba a pH) ndi ma asidi amphamvu, choncho reaction-bonded silicon carbide sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izi.
Reaction-sintered adalowasilicon carbide. Pazinthu zotere, ma pores azinthu zoyambilira za SIC amadzazidwa ndikulowetsamo ndikuwotcha silicon yachitsulo, motero SiC yachiwiri imawonekera ndipo zinthuzo zimapeza zida zapadera zamakina, kukhala zosavala. Chifukwa cha shrinkage yake yochepa, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zigawo zazikulu ndi zovuta ndi kulolerana kwapafupi. Komabe, zomwe zili mu silicon zimachepetsa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa 1,350 ° C, kukana kwa mankhwala kumangokhala pafupifupi pH 10. Zinthuzi sizimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ovuta a alkaline.
Sinteredsilicon carbide imapezedwa ndikuyika granulate yabwino kwambiri ya SIC pa kutentha kwa 2000 ° C kuti apange zomangira zolimba pakati pa njere za zinthuzo.
Choyamba, latisi thickens, ndiye porosity amachepetsa, ndipo potsiriza zomangira pakati mbewu sinter. Pakukonza koteroko, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika - pafupifupi 20%.
mphete yosindikizira ya SSIC imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala onse. Popeza palibe chitsulo chachitsulo chomwe chilipo pamapangidwe ake, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha mpaka 1600C popanda kusokoneza mphamvu zake.
| katundu | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Kuchulukana (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1-3.15 |
| Kuuma | 110-125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| Elastic Modulus (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| SiC Content (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Zomwe zili (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Bend Strength (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Kupanikizika Kwambiri (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 pa |
| Coefficient of kutentha kutentha (1/℃) | 4.5 × 10-6 | 4.3 × 10-6 |
| Kukana kutentha (mumlengalenga) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
TC makina chisindikizo
Zida za TC zimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, mphamvu, kukana kwa abrasion ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri. Amadziwika kuti "Industrial Tooth". Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zapamwamba, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ankhondo, zakuthambo, kukonza makina, zitsulo, kubowola mafuta, kulankhulana pakompyuta, zomangamanga ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, pamapampu, ma compressor ndi ma agitators, mphete ya Tungsten carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zisindikizo zamakina. Kukana kwabwino kwa abrasion ndi kuuma kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kupanga zida zosagwirizana ndi kutentha, kukangana ndi dzimbiri.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, TC imatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), ndi titanium carbide (YN).
Tungsten cobalt (YG) aloyi yolimba imapangidwa ndi WC ndi Co. Ndi yoyenera pokonza zinthu zowonongeka monga chitsulo choponyedwa, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo.
Stellite (YT) imapangidwa ndi WC, TiC ndi Co. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa TiC ku alloy, kukana kwake kuvala kumakhala bwino, koma mphamvu yopindika, ntchito yopera ndi kutenthetsa kwa kutentha kwachepa. Chifukwa cha brittleness yake pansi pa kutentha pang'ono, ndi yoyenera kudula zipangizo zonse zothamanga kwambiri osati pokonza zipangizo zowonongeka.
Tungsten titaniyamu tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) ndi anawonjezera kuti aloyi kuonjezera mkulu kutentha kuuma, mphamvu ndi abrasion kukana mwa kuchuluka koyenera tantalum carbide kapena niobium carbide. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulimba kumawongoleredwa ndi ntchito yabwino yodula. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida zodula zolimba komanso kudula kwapakatikati.
Gulu la carbonized titanium base class (YN) ndi aloyi yolimba yokhala ndi gawo lolimba la TiC, nickel ndi molybdenum. Ubwino wake ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kuthekera kolimbana ndi kugwirizana, kuvala kwa anti-crescent ndi anti-oxidation kuthekera. Pa kutentha kwa madigiri oposa 1000, imatha kupangidwabe. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumaliza-kumaliza kwazitsulo za alloy ndi zitsulo zozimitsa.
| chitsanzo | zinthu za nickel (wt%) | kachulukidwe (g/cm²) | kuuma (HRA) | mphamvu yopindika (≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| chitsanzo | cobalt zomwe zili (wt%) | kachulukidwe (g/cm²) | kuuma (HRA) | mphamvu yopindika (≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |