Chisindikizo cha kaboni cha makina chakhala ndi mbiri yakale. Graphite ndi isoform ya element carbon. Mu 1971, United States idaphunzira zinthu zosinthika zotsekera graphite, zomwe zidathetsa kutuluka kwa valavu ya mphamvu ya atomiki. Pambuyo pokonza mozama, graphite yosinthasintha imakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotsekera, chomwe chimapangidwa kukhala zisindikizo zosiyanasiyana za kaboni ndi zotsatira za zigawo zotsekera. Zisindikizo izi za kaboni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a mankhwala, mafuta, ndi magetsi monga chisindikizo chamadzimadzi otentha kwambiri.
Popeza graphite yosinthasintha imapangidwa ndi kukulira kwa graphite yowonjezereka pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa wothandizira wolumikizana wotsala mu graphite yosinthasintha ndi kochepa kwambiri, koma osati kwathunthu, kotero kukhalapo ndi kapangidwe ka wothandizira wolumikizana kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a chinthucho.
